If you encounter a native of France or Spain, he will most likely speak French or Spanish, as the national language of his home country. However, a notable number of people speak a cultural language as well. The salience of these languages on the north vs. south side of the Pyrenees Mountains is substantial. Catalan, spoken in northeastern Spain and southeastern France, and Basque, a language isolate spoken in northern Spain and southwestern France, are minority languages. Both are distinct from Castilian Spanish with their own literature, people, and culture. While Basque and Catalan are prevalent in their respective Spanish autonomous communities, the “border” of the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries) and Euskal Herria (Basque …show more content…
In Catalunya, Catalan is spoken fluently by 85% of the population with 97% claiming they understand (“Generalitat de Catalunya.” 6). This mutual intelligibility between Spanish and Catalan suggests that Catalan is only a dialect of Castilian. While many people would like to say this is true, and Spain under Franco attempted to integrate Catalan into mainstream Spanish culture this way (Alguera 89), the Catalan is a distinct language with it’s own lexicon, literature, grammar rules, etc. It is a mandatory subject for children in public education in the autonomous community (“Catalans.” 109). This contrasts the Basque Country where only 30% of the population is fully fluent in Basque (Gobierno Vasco 17). Interestingly, although Basque is classified as a vulnerable language ("Data on the Basque Language.") and is spoken by less than a third of the population, the highest concentration of speakers exists in young adults, where nearly 60% of people age 16 to 24 claim to be fluent (Gobierno Vasco 21). I think this trend is interesting because one would think the older generations had the higher percentage of Basque speakers, and the lowest among the younger age groups owing to assimilation to Spanish language and culture. Although Basque and Catalan are recognized co-official languages and enjoy considerable clout and use, the situation is very different in France.
As the symbol for the national identity of the Basques, scholars have
As Zentella has studied within these three families, she finds an assortment of variation, even in individuals that come from the same family. The author argues that children coming from similar backstories range differently in their expertise in the language of their immigrated parents and the standard language of their residency. She concludes that because each family’s outlook on learning a second language and each individual’s preference challenges one another, one’s ability to learn a second language varies as well; there is no solid explanation as to why some people from the same background are more advanced in Spanish rather than English, and vice versa. Most people would not have taken into account of all the different contributions that this author describes, including gender, social preference, location, and personal beliefs. The common person would assume that acquiring a second language is possible for these families because they are surrounded by it, and that they would be able to maintain both their primary and secondary language. However, the author does analyze the contrasting opinion through observing the differences found in her study. She finds that the development of each person greatly varies to where each has different learning abilities and preferences. Where they live, whom they are in contact with, gender, and even their own personal behavior affects their unique growth. Since all have varying opinions, their decisions and values are placed accordingly to their own desire; in conclusion, these are all major factors in how people’s language skills
According to the author, Leanne Hinton, who has written the article, “Bringing our Languages Home”, explains that speaking an endangered language at home is the core of language revitalization. She has visited clans conference of which Tlingit tribes is among the clans. The article addresses a specific family within the clan of Tlingit, Mischa Jackson, her husband and her ten month old daughter, Michaelyn. The two parents have the ambition to ensure that their daughter grows up knowing the indigenous language. Jackson says that she did not have enough time with her parents and even grandparents to learn the language. Her intention is to overturn that which she never experienced as she grew up and make it happen with her daughter. They speak
Although bilingual education has some merit, avoiding the implementation of the more popular language of a community is detrimental to the incorporation of mostly you people in society and hinders their ability to develop a keen sense of identity. For example, "language gets learned as it gets used (7).” In other words, one masters the language as he speaks it. Speaking and language skills tend to sharpen if they are used regularly. Rodriguez argues that learning both languages and using them rather than leaving one begins to lead to a better sense of identity and freedom. But according to Rodriguez it makes one become insecure, growing up
The Pyrenees people are a very loving, and caring people that decree care for those who come to the Pyrenees for tour guides, cuisine, and for help to get places. They are not a covetous, in other words judgemental, very honest and sedulous. They are also a genuine people who are very straightforward , and never show any disrespect to people who enter their homeland, and are not a violent type of people they also are a very loving, caring prosperous people who love their homeland and welcome anyone who wants to visit the place. They are people that border Spain, but do not go often due to the attachments, and have in their homes and the people in it. The people of the Pyrenees will welcome you with joy which will also make it fun to go and visit the land of the Pyrenees. The Pyrenees people are some of the hardest working people in the world, and honor their ancestors and still wear their clothes which is very rustic like and older. The people of the Pyrenees enjoy the agency of other civilizations in the
“Language is power. If you cannot understand or be understood you have no power. You are at the mercy of everyone.” – (Rudat, 1994, Stow, Dodd 356) Should Americans be required to learn Spanish as a second language? The construction of our nation stands on documents written in English, however English is not our official language nor has it ever been. America is a “melting pot” in which English is the most prominent language, followed closely by Spanish. Requiring Americans to learn Spanish is a great controversy; I strongly believe that it should be a requirement, because it improves academic achievements, career success, and cultural and social understanding. The controversy has great counter arguments such as the double standard Americans are held to, and further division of the country. Regarding the counterarguments, I still firmly believe that it should be a requirement because the integration of a second language in our schools is more beneficial to our country’s success as a whole.
The study found that bilingual students (in the bilingual school) spent 47% of class time speaking Spanish, the traditional schooling group only spent 25% of class time speaking Spanish, always to other Mexican American students. When looking at the students outside of the classroom bilingual schooled students 63% of their time speaking Spanish to their Mexican American peers. Traditionally schooled children spent 64% of their time speaking English to their Mexican American peers. Prior to the beginning of the study both groups of children reported themselves as speaking Spanish more than English, however according to parental reports Traditional schooled students were reported to use more English than Spanish at the end of the first grade while the Bilingual students were reported to be using more Spanish than English by the end of the first grade. The results of the study found that the language spoken by the parents does not have considerable statistical influence on which language the child uses more, or even whether or the child is in a bilingual or is traditionally schooled. Perhaps most surprising is the finding that traditionally schooled children still result in speaking more English than Spanish with their Mexican-American peers when compared to their counterparts in the bilingual programs. Perhaps because
When a person is dying, each culture has traditions and beliefs that influence end- of-life care. This paper discusses cultural beliefs and practices surrounding end of life care and death within the Latino culture, particularly focusing on people of Mexican origin. According to Spector (2013), of the over 50.5 million Hispanic individuals living in the U.S, Mexicans make up the overwhelming majority of the Hispanic community. Understanding how Mexican-Americans traditionally view end-of-life care allows a health care worker to better serve the patient as the patient transitions from acute care to palliative care or hospice care. Cultural attitudes influence the process of decision making at the end-of-life.
The Basque language is known as "Euskara" and is spoken primarily in the northern central area of Spain and is known to be Europe's oldest living languages. The languages spoken are both Basque and Spanish and both can be very complex with several different dialects. (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011). Nonverbal communication such as kissing on the cheeks and handshaking upon meeting is the norm, as
According to his work, “English is the fastest-spreading language in human history and is used by an estimated 1.27 billion people globally” (Neeley, 2012). The English language is already the most popular language in the world, accompanied by each person’s native language. Also, compared to other languages English is relatively easy to learn (McWhorter, 2015). This does not mean that the meshing of new versions of English are always pristine. Ana Lucia Gonzalez, reporter for BBC, wrote the article, “Life in Spanglish for California’s Young Latinos” to address this issue of blending language.
Language is an important value for the nationalistic identity of a nation. Hispanic culture is the way of life of people from Latin America and Spain, and their main identifying factor is the fact that they speak Spanish as their main language. Therefore, Hispanics are not necessarily Spaniards but other groups like Mexicans, Puerto
Thesis - According to both Rodriguez and Espada, bilingualism is the separation of public and private language in society. to protect the rights of Spanish speakers.
Hispanics are more comfortable with the two languages. In some studies about discrimination, Spanish speakers affirm that their language is the most common discrimination factor against them ; but
Spanish and English had similar motivations for exploration of the New World, such as gaining land, goods from the natives, and gold. However, their motivations also differ greatly. The Spanish conquistadors also gained slaves from the native people, as well as spreading the word of Christianity. The English settlers came to the New World to get away from the religious oppression in England and to practice religion freely, and to grow tobacco to send back to England. The Spanish gained much more land quickly because, upon landing in places like the Caribbean and Brazil, because of their conquering and enslaving of the natives. The English came to the New World much less prepared,
Language attitudes, which include people’s perception about the language variety in their own community and language varieties in other communities, has been one of the crucial topics in sociolinguistics since 1960s.
Why should people nowadays see languages as a big prize? A person speaks more languages have more opportunities are skewed to him because he benefits the profit comparing to a person who speaks only one standard language. It is time for globalization and its effects on children for speaking other languages as a must. In two articles “Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” by Richard Rodriguez and “Whose Voice Is It Anyway?” by Victor Villanueva, the two authors both expressed their opinions on native language and how the assimilation impacts a child. However, Rodriguez believed that the assimilation was beneficial for him as he had grown up in the English-speaking world and he disliked bilingual education which created many controversy.