THEME
Culture of a nation is manifested and influenced by a number of factors. National psyche and traits being the most pronounced ones. Military culture , to a certain extent , is in harmony with the national culture, however, it has its own impulses and dynamics. It incorporates obedience that curtails individual freedom or at times it may be at tangent with the socio-cultural values of a society ; Military culture of British – Indian Army ,as inherited by us is a case in point here. Philosophy of our present military outlets draws strength from history , organisational infrastructure , uniform , traditions social moorings and a host of other factors which , despite numerous changes , is still undergoing the process of evolution.
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The attitude, values, ideals and beliefs of individuals are greatly influenced by the culture in which they live. Precisely, culture is the sum total of the ways of life of people in a particular society.
Views on Concept of Culture
It would be in order to first examine the connotation and exact meaning of culture. Sociologists differ wide in their perceptions in explanting culture and its inter-related concepts. The best definition from the military view point is given by Leslie A. White, who quotes famous sociologists Frank Boas and Melville J. Herskovits. He writes “culture may be defined (as per Boas), as the totality of the mental and physical reactions and activities that characterise the behaviour of individuals composing a social group….”. He further quotes Herskovits and says, “When culture is closely analysed, we find but a series of patterned reactions that characterise the behaviour of the individuals who constitute a given group. Another writer Sapir quoted by Leslie white classified culture as the mass of typical reactions.’ Culture is best summarised as a way of life of the people. It is manmade part of environment. Cultures includes beliefs, ideas, religion, art, customs and other habits which the people acquire while living in a society. Another very important aspect of culture is that it is ever changing by learning and transmitting from one generation to other through a
Military personnel have the unique opportunity to experience many different societies and cultures. For many of us, we experience this upon initial enlistment as we are indoctrinated into the Army. Military personnel come from all walks of life. All with different values, morals, experiences, traditions and beliefs. Culture is what defines us and categories individuals. As human beings, we are constantly analyzing and putting labels on people. Observe a roomful of newly introduced people. You will notice how people begin to form groups based off of race, gender, interests and other commonalities. Categorization in the pursuit to understand cultures can be beneficial.
(Task 1) Introduction: The study which helps people to understand a society’s or a nation’s values, attitudes is called Cultural Studies. Culture depends on many factors. Among them Work, Food & Drinks and Transport have much importance in culture. These components make difference between two nations or countries.
Culture is universal and inescapable. Its expressed through different beliefs and ideas. It follows someone through their ethnicity and communities. The cultural impact is inevitable and permanent. Someone’s culture has a significant impact on the way they view the world and others. This influence is communicated through the individual's upbringing, their culture, as well as their current environment. Situations are perceived differently by those with different values. The fairly full extent of one’s cultural impact is clear.
The American Army 's history, composition, and structure predisposed the leadership to a rigid fixation on conventional warfare. In contrast to the British army-as-force-projection model, the American Army found its first task a matter of national survival. This historical trend - the continued perception of the Army fighting a war of annihilation - helped in many ways to keep the Army purely focused on its military objectives. Unconditional surrender was the name of the game, and smaller political goals were seen at best as derivative to, and at worst, preventative of the fabled 'total victory '. The varied composition of personnel which make up the US army also ensured a degree of formality, and a deference to rank. The structure, born of open-combat wars at large scale, was constituted around large divisions, which often rotated officers and manpower in and out. In short, everything within the Army was organized -rigidly- around the principle of a large scale conventional war. What worked against the Germans would work against the Russians.
Culture is something that an individual can possess by living with others. sociological sense of Culture that it is shared. For example, values, customs, beliefs, ideas, traditions, morale etc. are all shared by people of a community or society.
There are many different ways a person could look at the military and study it from a sociologist perspective. There are several different perspectives within this sociological window that people could use to approach this topic. The military can be a sensitive topic to many people. However, if they were to look at this from a functionalist perspective, one may ask, how does our military, and war, help us understand and keep some of the most important foundations of our country in place? How does it help preserve things such as freedom and democracy? This would be an appropriate question for the functionalist perspective because this perspective is all about usefulness and functionality of whatever it is you are talking about. If you were to
Culture directs human actions and the way person present themselves in the society in order to remain in the culture boundaries and accepted by the common community as a respected member of the society. According to David (2001) “Culture is often used to refer to ideas, beliefs, representation, behaviour pattern, practices, artifacts and so forth that are transmitted socially across generations within a group, resulting in pattern of within-group similarity and between group differences”. Moreover, culture is transmitted on an unconscious level from generation to generation, influencing day-to-day behavior and ensuring a people 's survival (Norma, 2001).
“The behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic or age group” (Sagar, 2012) is the definition of culture. A culture can be something as simple and unique as being involved with those who love classical music, or it can be something more straightforward and typical such as being a parent. Many cultures descend from generation to generation including their beliefs held dearly to their hearts.
Culture is a systematic way of thinking, reacting and feeling that is characteristic of a human group which accounts for differences between cultures(Miao-Ling 2006). Cultural values play a substantial role in providing human beings with
There are many perceptions about culture, different people give different views. Traditionally culture has been defined as the set of rules, guidelines, laws, symbols practiced across different contexts in the minds of the people. Culture can today be defined as human made part of environment(Herkovits,1955).The subjective view includes the multidimensional array of shared beliefs , norms , values of a particular group(Thomas,1994). Humans are seen as producers of culture and are being influenced by it (Segall, Desan, Berry,& Poortinga, 1999). Culture is defined by criteria, place, time and language(Georgas &Berry,1995)
Culture consists of symbolic system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about appropriate behaviors that are shared in our society as a way of life. In other words, culture is a set of meanings (senses) and values that inform a particular way of life. It is lifestyle that shape and form a particular human group. For this reason it is important to recognize that culture affect human resource philosophy, policies and programs in the structure of organizations.
Culture is the quality and features of a family or group of people defined by all things such as traditions, beliefs, language, food, clothing, and religion. It is common for people living in other societies to genuinely have different culture traditions and beliefs. However, most will carry on the basic traditions and morals as a whole even though they may have different beliefs. Some may argue that by carrying on certain traditions can lead to negative outcomes, or strengthen the cultural. Traditional values on ones cultural can become critical as society changes, such as the “older” beliefs that the younger generation cannot agree with.
The general idea of culture that is ingrained into the brains of many people, may consist of associating culture with countries or ethnic groups. One of the main key points to this term is that it incorporates much more than just those two aspects. When viewing it from a sociological perspective, culture can be deconstructed into 3 components. Through background knowledge after taking a sociology class, values, norms, and artifacts when combined, is what defines the term culture. These aspects that create culture, can differentiate a family from one another.
How to measure social culture and organizational culture of one country is an important issue (Miroshnik, 2002). Culture can be defined as the way of life of the group of people, which includes beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society, and enables people to communicate with others, provides the knowledge and skill necessary, and anticipates how others in society are likely to respond for the actions (Miroshnik, 2002).
Culture is one of the most significant concepts which form the basis of sociology. In this discipline, culture means any behavior that is transmitted to people from others. The way people wear, eat, sing, dance and talk are all about culture. In the modern world, culture can be taken to be something beautiful or interesting. In simple terms, culture is a complex system of acquired behaviors which is transmitted from generation to generation in a society. For any actions to be termed as culture, various criteria have to be fulfilled. One thing about culture is that it is learned but not inherited biologically as do other traits. It is learned through socialization and to a lesser extent through teachings from older people. Culture is also