Migraine Headaches: A Case Study

It’s 5a.m and I can barely move; everything is blurry, my right hand is numb, and the right side of my head is pounding. A couple hours later everything transferred from my right side of my body to the left side of my body. It is a migraine that I am having, and this has been my life since 6th grade.

These drugs block muscarinic receptors and prevent cholinergic transmission from the vestibular nuclei in the ear from reaching the vomiting centre in the brain. For this reason, they are mainly used to treat motion and travel sickness and can be used in patch form (Heaton T, 2014). Scopolamine (Scopace/Hyoscine), which this patient had previously been taking for her travel sickness, is in this class of drugs. There is also cyclizine (Marezine), meclizine (Dramamine II/Meni-D), diphenhydramine (Benadryl/Banophen), trimethobenzamide (Ticon) and many more (Drugs.com,

Medicines. These include muscle relaxants, sedatives, and medicines called anticholinergics. Treatment with medicine is less successful than injections.

synthetic cannabinoids are now being used in children going through chemotherapy. These drugs help control nausea and vomiting and are also effective in appetite stimulation. The goal of antiemetic medications is to prevent the child from ever experiencing nausea or vomiting. The continued evaluation of the child's nutritional status, intake, and energy expense must happen throughout the treatment. The height weight and head circumference must be measured regularly during visits the hospital or clinic in children less than three years old. A compromised nutritional status can contribute to decreased tolerance to treatment, changed metabolism of chemo drugs, lengthy episodes of neutropenia, and increased risk for infection. Supportive nutrition measures include oral additions with high protein and high calorie foods. High calorie snacks should be easily available for the child. The most distressing side effects of combination drugs is GI mucosal cell damage, which results in open, painful sores anywhere along the alimentary tract. Oral sores in the mouth or pharynx, along the esophagus can also happen in the

Ketamine can be used for sedation before minor procedures, although this use is not approved by the FDA

MEDICATIONS: Any use of diuretics, pain medications, antiarrhythmic agents, anti-seizure drugs, sedatives, antibiotics, antihistamines, barbiturates, cephalosporins, salicylates, and sulfonamides?(Ross & Basello, 2003)

These medications have evolved and changed due to availability in the past few years. Cost has also had an impact on what medications are available to a dying patient. A patient self-administers an oral liquid suspension or a powdered mixed with a soft food such as applesauce. The mix of medications include barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and morphine which are compounded into a single dose prescription to facilitate death. Premedication is required prior to taking this final dose. The most common barbiturates are phenobarbital, pentobarbital or secobarbital. Phenobarbital is the longest acting and is typically used for seizures. Pentobarbital and secobarbital are used to sedate prior to surgery and are not as long acting as phenobarbital. Barbiturates effect the central nervous system. They are classified by their how long they take to effect and their duration of action. Barbiturates increase GABA (gaba amino-butyric acid) neurotransmissions in the brain. The increase in GABA causes drowsiness. They are highly addictive, and patients may become tolerant. The addiction is not an issue when a patient has reached this stage and does not need to be a concern. More importantly, if they have used them during the disease process as a sleep aid the patient may have built a tolerance and would require a higher dosage to be effective. Barbiturates do not provide pain relief, to provide pain relief a patient would need to reach a dose high enough to cause a comatose state. Chloral hydrate is a sleep aid or tranquilizer prior to surgery. This medication is quick

Palonosetron has already been proven effective and safe in prevention of Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. [12, 17, 18, 19] Therefore, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate and compare the efficacy of palonosetron which is a newer 5-HT3 antagonist against ondansetron.

The common causes of vomiting can differ in infants, children and adolescents. Vomiting can arise due to GI obstructive and inflammatory etiologies, CNS diseases, pulmonary problems, renal disease, endocrine/metabolic disease, drugs, psychiatric disorders, strep throat, pregnancy, and stress, with the most common cause being of GI origin (Mullen. 2009). Common causes of vomiting involving the GI tract are foreign bodies (coins), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, indirect inguinal hernia, appendicitis, volvulus, and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). With young infants, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common cause of vomiting, which can

If your nausea and vomiting is so severe that you and your baby might be in danger, your doctor will prescribe anti-nausea medicine. If your case is

Dampening serotonergic activity with 5-HT1A can prevent the exocytotic release of dopamine from serotonergic terminals17,26.Though it is thought that DA is released from serotonergic innervations from all the brain areas including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, substantia nigraand striatum, the striatum is believed to be responsible for LID because of the source of the major release of DA from L-DOPA from the abundant serotonergic innervation24,25.Therefore, my proposal includes reducing dysregulated serotonergic activity specifically in the striatum with local striatal administration of 5-HT1A agonist in a PD mouse model. Whereas most of the other studies focus on treating dyskinesia with 5-HT1A agonist when LID is already developed in PD17,20,my research proposal will target on the prevention of dyskinesia while giving a L-DOPA treatment for PD. For this purpose, I hypothesize that co-administration of a specific5-HT1Aagonist with L-DOPA may reduce the dysregulation of dopamine and could potentially produce the effectsof L-DOPA treatment for PD without the appearance of

exercise And modifying behavior by phentermine are acting reduction of hunger control center side of the brain hypochlorite Thalasso Thomas. Thus increasing the amount of neurotransmitters two species of North epinephrine. (Norepinephrine; NE) and dopamine (dopamine; DA) If the brain has resulted in sharply reduced appetite. However, these neurotransmitters also affect appetite, but also affect the other. That could pose a health risk to life, such as insomnia, anxiety symptoms, headache, hypertension fancy. Rapid heart rate, sweating, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, abnormal vision blurry. Color vision disorder from the original. And the effect of increasing the neurotransmitter dopamine can cause disorders such as irritability, paranoia, auditory hallucination psychotropic hallucinations and symptoms of

The postejection phase consists of autonomic and visceral responses that return the body into a quiescent phase, with or without residual nausea. Vomiting has stopped, nausea dissipates, and the individual generally feels better. The assumed purpose of feeling better is to make sure that the actual act of vomiting and the resulting ejection of noxious contents is not an aversive experience During prolonged episodes, marked behavioural changes including lethargy, depression, and withdrawal may

Vomiting occurs when nerves in the brain sense a trigger, such as food poisoning, infections or motion. Younger children may not be able to recognize nausea, although they may complain of a stomach ache or have other general complaints (Lorenzo, 2017).

Prolonged bed rest is not essential for full recovery but patients feel better with restricted physical activity. A high calorie diet is a good idea and because many patients have nausea late in the day, the major caloric intake is best given in the morning. Intravenous feeding is necessary if the patient has continuos vomiting. Isolation of the patient to a single room and bath room is unnecessary, however the patient and other people in contact should be