If you leave your car behind and join a ranger-led hike in Southwest Colorado's Mesa Verde National Park, you'll find yourself at a spot where the scrubby pinyon-juniper forest drops off. It falls into a sandstone chasm. It reveals a maze of 800-year-old stone dwellings. They are wedged beneath an overhang in the canyon wall. They're so well preserved that it's easy to imagine you've stepped back in time. And that nothing has changed in this high desert landscape since the Ancestral Puebloans built these chambers. They were built in the 12th century. But there's a modern problem. It is plaguing Mesa Verde and dozens of other national parks. It's air pollution. Mesa Verde lies downwind of several coal-fired power plants. They release nitrogen, …show more content…
The NPCA found that even parks with the most protection under the Clear Air Act continue to experience pollution. The parks include icons like Mesa Verde, Everglades, Yosemite, Acadia and Sequoia. The pollution can affect wildlife and human health, as well as the climate. According to the National Park Service's data, ozone levels on the peaks of the Great Smoky Mountains, for example, are nearly twice those in nearby cities like Atlanta. Up to 90 percent of black cherry trees in the park (depending on location) have sickly yellow leaves and other signs of ozone damage. Visitors with asthma can have trouble breathing. In California, Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks regularly have ozone pollution that exceeds 70 parts per billion. The number is the standard set by the Environmental Protection …show more content…
In 1999, the EPA created a regulation called the Regional Haze Rule. It is designed to return visibility in 156 national parks and wilderness areas back to "natural" conditions. The plan is to cut emissions from polluters like coal-fired power plants. The rule only tackles visibility. But "the pollutants that affect visibility can also affect ecosystems and human health," says John Vimont. He is chief of the research and monitoring branch of the National Park Service's Air Resources Division. The rule has played an important role. It has gotten some facilities to adopt cleaner technologies. Over the last 10 years, average visibility in Great Smoky Mountains National Park has risen. It has gone from 20 miles to 46 miles, says Reeves. But there's still a long way to go. Visibility in the Great Smoky Mountains should be 112 miles on the best days. Part of the reason for the slow progress is because the rule is largely interpreted and carried out at the state level, rather than by federal agencies. Many states have struggled to muster resources and meet
What is the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD) Residential Wood Burning Rule 4901? Review the rule identifying amendments, exemptions, requirements, penalties and incentive programs. Include in your answer a review of the US EPA Wood stove certification program, which is an integral component of Rule 4901. Last, review the intent of the rule with respect to PM 2.5.
Near the small town of San Antonio, NM is a spectacular display of one of nature's finest balanced beauty and wilderness paradise, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, situated on the northern edge of the Chihuahuan desert and straddling the Rio Grande. Fitting is the name Bosque del Apache, meaning "woods of the Apache," a reminder of the Apache peoples of long ago who lived along the Rio Grande. The 57,331-acre refuge was established in 1939 by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, an effort aimed to preserve the area as a wildlife habitat. The nucleus of the refuge is 7,000 acres of flood-plain, an extensive area of wetlands and farmlands. Arid foothills and towering mesas ascend to the Chupadera Mountains
There was once a Native American clan that widely cohabitated in the Southwestern part of America. This clan would soon come to be recognized as the Anasazi or, the “Ancient One’s”, by researchers who studied in depth their culture and geographical movements. Artifacts and other findings have expressed to archaeologists that their lifestyle was not only very well established but also efficient. They had adapted methods of hunting and gathering, they were knowledgeable farmers who had actually developed their own method of an irrigation system to water their crops (maize, squash, and a variety of beans), and they were skilled builders. Their homes were known to be made of structured stone, often times organized in a way that is known today as cliff dwellings. In addition to these
Around 650 A.D., the Mesa Verdean peoples initiated construction of apartment-style homes, termed by Spanish explorers as pueblos. The Puebloan architecture is original in that it utilized the local stone and mud deposits of the region to maintain the structural integrity of their burgeoning developments. As this community evolved into the twelfth century, Mesa Verdeans further integrated the geology of their environment into their lifestyles by building homes, known as cliff dwellings, within the naturally formed alcoves of Mesa Verde. By the thirteenth century, the Mesa Verdeans vacated this region due to severe droughts and subsequent social instability. Despite the later abandonment of their cliff dwellings, it is clear that the geology of Mesa Verde National Park impacted the lives of the Ancestral Puebloans significantly. The following sections provide detailed information regarding the rock formations that make up the geological
A park in Virginia with more than 500 miles of fantastic trails is the Shenandoah National park. This park is located in Virginia. It is a great place to visit if you're interested in wildlife. I have always wanted to visit Virginia.
The geographic region of Mesa Verde captivates me because of its sheer concentration of archeological sites in an area, and the plethora of cliff dwellings found in this region of Colorado. Mesa Verde, a place ancestral Puebloan people called home for hundreds of years from 500 A.D. to the 13th century, is situated on Colorado’s diverse landscape, which consists of 4,400 archaeological sites and 600 cliff dwellings (Smith, 7). Mesa Verde National Park was officially established in the early 1900’s by Theodore Roosevelt in hopes of protecting history and preserving human culture. Since then it has been a site for thousands of archaeologists to dig in to. Before Mesa Verde was receiving the attention it gets today archeologists Bob Lister,
Two thousand years ago the American southwest was populated by a group of people called the Anasazi or “the ancient ones”. They began to build a series of great housing complexes and by the middle of the 12-century the Anasazi disappeared and no one knows why. These early Anasazi were nomadic hunters-gatherers ranging over great territories then began to settle in communities such as the Chaco Canyon which is now in New Mexico. Four hundred years later Spanish settlers stumbled upon these cities and called it Pueblo Bonito.
Long before Europeans explored North America, a group of people now known as The Ancestral Puebloans, migrated throughout the four corners region and finally settled in Mesa Verde. For more than 700 years they and their descendants lived and flourished, advancing their build technologies, and material usage. Eventually achieving a clear understanding of their environment, its changing climates, they manipulating their buildings to take advantage of the natural occurrences their communities peeked. Being simple worshippers and having respect for nature their creations left little negative impact on it relative to others of their time. Once reaching their communal peak they suddenly migrated away and disappeared, still today scientist struggle
In the Mojave Desert, the bad air quality is caused mainly by the wildfires, exhaust from vehicles, and power plants in the surrounding areas. The desert’s ecosystem is impacted by elements
As I stated earlier, in a recent study by the United Health Foundation, it was found that Idaho had the second worst air in the nation--it was beat only by California. Air pollution in Idaho is caused by different things. The most prevalent cause of air pollution are emissions from vehicles and industrial sources such as factories. Visible emissions (smoke, soot, dust, etc.) contribute to a large portion of Idaho’s bad air. Smoke from wildfires is especially harmful and is very present in Idaho. 2015’s fire season was one of the worst the state has seen. More than 1,300 fires burned almost 800,000 acres. Air pollution can also be caused by haze. The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality says “Sources of haze-causing pollutants include emissions from on- and off-road vehicles, trains, agricultural equipment, and gas-powered lawn mowers, [and] from smoke stacks at large industrial facilities... Exposure...can contribute to increased respiratory illness, decreased lung function, and even premature death…[and] contributes to acid rain formation, which makes lakes, rivers, and streams unsuitable for many fish, and erodes buildings, monuments, and paint on
Improved air quality wasn’t a subject of national concern until the mid 1900s. After decades of coal burning, unregulated gas emissions from cars and the excessive burning of fossil fuels, people started noticing bad air quality as a hazard to their lives. Over several decades, after seeing the costly effects air pollution was having on the environment and people’s health, interest groups like the Friends of The Earth club and the influences of Theodore Roosevelt and Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring finally came together to persuade the government to enforce legislation that would reduce air pollution. Because of these efforts, the policies of the Clean Air Act of 1963 and the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Act of 1965, that aimed to control air pollution and raise air quality standards, helped create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on December 2, 1970. Since then, the EPA has passed more air quality improvement acts, and amendments to previous acts passed, to increase restrictions on air pollutants, with their main policy concern being the Clean Air Act. Improved air quality acts imposed by the EPA have been successful in cleaning the United States’ air quality by reducing ground-level ozone pollution and reducing emissions, allowing for a decrease in pollution related deaths/illnesses and a better standard of living. The EPA, through regulations and the Clean Air Act, has delivered it’s promise to improve air quality in the United States.
The main sources of air pollution come from electrical power plants, other industrial processes, automobile emissions and fires. The most common form of air pollutants in the state come from forest fires; an example of such an occurrence is the 2015 Air Quality Alert in a number of counties in Western Montana due to the numerous fires burning in the area (XPAX). The deterioration of air quality can pose many harmful effects to the environment and inhabitants of Montana. It is not only hazardous to human health, accumulating a death toll of three million people nation-wide each year. Environmentally, the emissions create an abundance of greenhouse gasses and can result in the occurrence of acid rain (Air Pollution).
At the moment the o zone regulation limit is seventy five parts per billion and the EPA’S Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee recommends to set the standard in between sixty and seventy parts per billion. The National Association of Manufactures says that the new regulation woud increase energy cost and reduce family incomes to about an equal amount of one hundred eighty two thousand lost jobs for Texas. The new ozone regulations could put a kink in natural gas production and then result in about a fifteen percent increase in electricity prices. Forty percent of the U.S. population already live in areas that don’t meet the current EPA regulation. Those people are at risk for aggravated asthma, difficulty breathing, pre mature death, cardiovascular harm, and lower birth
4. The Panel agreed with the parties that a policy to reduce air pollution resulting from the consumption of gasoline was a policy within the range of those concerning the protection of human, animal and plant life or health mentioned in Article XX(b). The baseline rules violating ArtIII:4 were not the necessary methods to protect lives or health of human, plants and animals, As such, they were not the type of measures with which Article XX(b) was concerned.
The haze effect is defined as when “Suspended particles, such as dust and ash…block out the earth's sunlight, thus reducing solar radiation and lowering mean global temperatures.”( http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html) While this statement holds true, it was found that it was not only the dust particles that caused lowering mean global temperatures, but it was also the discharge of sulfuric-rich gases; the main gas being SO2. According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), “Emission rates of SO2 from an active volcano range from <20 tonnes/day to >10 million tonnes/day...”