Memory And Interdependency

"Memory is composed of several different abilities that depend on different brain systems (1). A fundamental distinction is between the capacity for conscious recollection of facts and events (declarative or explicit memory) and various

In the last half century several theories have emerged with regard to the best model for human memory. In each of these models there was a specific way to help people recall words and

The multi-store model of memory (eg, Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968) claims the memory can be sectioned into three distinctive parts: sensory store, short-term store (STM) and long-term store (LTM). Eysenck and Keane (2005:190) states that data is first encountered by the sensory store, then depending on the attention given, is processed to the STM and finally - if rehearsed - continues to the LTM.

Research has shown that there is “greater activation in the left inferior frontal and medial temporal lobes” (Stanford, 2006, p. 208) during the encoding of words which were later remembered as compared to those which were forgotten. The sensations perceived by sensory nerves are decoded in the hippocampus of the brain into a single experience (Mastin, 2010). The hippocampus analyses new information and compares and asssociates it with previously stored memory (Mastin, 2010). Human memory is associative in that new information can be remembered better if it can be associated to previously acquired, firmly consolidated information (Mastin, 2010). The various pieces of information are then stored in different parts of the brain (Mastin, 2010). Though the exact method by which this information is later identified and recalled has yet to be discovered, it is understood that ultra-short term sensory memory is converted into short term memory which can then later be consolidated into long term memory (Mastin, 2010).

Saive, A., Royet, J., Garcia, S., Thévenet, M., & Plailly, J. (2015). "What-Where-Which" episodic retrieval requires conscious recollection and is promoted by semantic knowledge. Plos ONE, 10(12), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143767

Research has long proven demonstrated the human brains’ limitations in recall. As one attempts to remember more than six to seven tasks, there are diminishing returns in efficiency. In addition, persistent exposure to stressful stimuli (as is very common in

As Elizabeth Loftus describes in her book Memory: Surprising New Insights into How We Remember and Why We

Almost every aspect of functioning involves the use of memories. Based on encoding, storage and retrieval of previous experiences, schemas influence how the world is perceived. But how accurate are memories? A classic experiment by Loftus and Palmer (1974) provided the foundation for which many researchers have built upon over the years.

Their model suggests that the memory consists of three stores, a sensory store, a short-term store and a long-term store; all three have a specific and relatively inflexible function. It stressed that information for our environment such as the visual or auditory and haptic (by touch) initially goes into the sensory memory or empirical register. However, it has very limited capacity, and its duration is very brief, so if we do not notice this much we would forget it, but if we pay attention to it or think

In experiment 1, we manipulated the context in which interrelated events occur to be same or different, examining how increased similarity across episodes shape the structure of memory representations. It was hypothesized that overlapping contexts promote the reactivation of the prior knowledge during encoding, and therefore strengthen the connection between two memory representations and result in memory integration. In experiment 2, we sought to investigate the consequences of the establishment of an integrated network on other expressions of memory, such as the perceptual and semantic details for a specific encoding event. Our hypothesis of this experiment was that the formation of the integrated memory representations merges related memory traces and thereby can cause idiosyncratic detail

The aim of this experiment is to replicate study’s investigation on whether or not context-dependent memory affects a person 's ability to recall a set list of words. Context-dependent memory is the theory that memory is improved when a person is called to remember said information in the same context as when they initially learned it. This experiment is a modification of an experiment done by Katherine Mean and Linden Ball, which tested the effect of music tonality on mood and memory.

The results indicated that the recognition test had accuracy hits than false recognition, whereas, the recall test had a higher range of false recall. As a result, false memories could be created during the recall. Prior memory consumption with a long interval break over time can affect one’s performance. A study was performed on the long-term recall and recognition of past learned material. The results showed higher memory retention in earlier years and decrease retention after 3 years (Noice & Noice, 2002). Brand names are known to influence memory responses. Lerman and Garbarino (2002) research compared words versus nonwords, relevant versus irrelevant words, and words cueing an advertised attribute versus words cueing unadvertised attribute. They found recall was significantly higher for words brands names and words related to advertised attributes were higher in the recall group. In addition, the recognition accuracy was higher for non-words than word names and higher for irrelevant words. Rare word and attachment to common words can affect one’s memory performance. Dewhurst, Brandt, ND Sharp (2004) study found rare words have an advantage over common words in recognition

What is contextual memory? Is generally described as a recall source where thoughts and emotions encircle every piece of new information.

The aim of this investigation was to look to see if there is a difference in the recollection if the format in which information is presented is different. Lists of words and images were compared to find the most effective source of recollection. This topic of research has many real life applications for instance how students study in preparation for exams. If there is a format that is more successful at recollecting memory then that would help with studying and can be expanded to how general education is taught. This field of psychology could help to revolutionise memory and its capabilities if enough study is concentrated on it.

The ability to recall an event is a human attribute that is unconsciously cherished all throughout one’s life. A human’s ability to store and retrieve memories is a complex, and typically misunderstood, process. Although the thought of storing and retrieving a memory seems simple, like accessing information through a filing cabinet, it is much more convoluted, as the ability to remember past experiences requires several complicated processes that take place in the brain. Different types of memories call also for different processes of retrieval, further complicating the location of where the brain stores certain memories and how it recalls these events. The complexity of the human brain, especially involving memory, has been studied since the