Melcher: A Case Study

Drugs might be utilized with treatment that incorporates scaling and root planing, yet they can't generally replace surgery. Contingent upon the seriousness of gum illness, the dental practitioner or periodontist may in any case recommend surgical treatment. Long haul studies will be expected to figure out if utilizing meds lessens the requirement for surgery and whether they are powerful over a drawn out stretch of time. At the point when gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to "periodontitis" (which signifies "aggravation around the tooth.") In periodontitis, gums pull far from the teeth and structure "pockets" that are tainted. The body's insusceptible framework battles the microscopic organisms as the plaque spreads and develops underneath the gum line. Bacterial poisons and the body's chemicals battling the disease really begin to separate the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth set up. If not treated, the bones, gums, and connective tissue that backing the teeth are devastated. The teeth may in the long run turn out to be free and must be

The author concluded that with regular periodontal maintenance, removal of root surface accretion for better periodontal tissue attachment was more important than any surgical procedures.

Consequently, I was involved in the mechanical testing of bioceramic endodontic materials with regards to their physical properties and hydration behavior. Also, I am participating in an ongoing Micro-CT study to evaluate the quality of root filling using different filling techniques and sealers.

Chronic periodontitis is a slowly progressive inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of periodontium (Armitage and Cullinan, 2010, Shaddox and Walker, 2010). It is characterized by clinical attachment greater than or equal to 5mm and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss (Cabanilla, Neely and Hernandez, 2008). Teeth with active periodontal

Wounds healing, whether from surgical intervention or accidental injury, encompasses the activity of a convoluted network of tissue types, blood cells, growth factors, and cytokines. This results in amplified cellular activity, which grounds an intensified metabolic ultimatum for nutrients. Nutritional deficits can impede a healing wound, and quite a few nutritional factors that are required for wound repair may mend healing-time and wound aftermath.

New attachment apparatus forms in infrabony defects through differential tissue response, increasing functional periodontal support. This functional periodontal support results in reduced pocket probing depths, reduced crestal bone loss, increased bone level, and increased clinical attachment levels (Trombelli, et al., 1997. P. 367). In one case study, treatment sites revealed a minimal mean bone level gain, and demonstrated an increased bone level from the baseline with regeneration of periodontal ligament and cementum in a span of 56 days (Vercellotti et al, 2005. P. 546-547). Although not all constructive surgery is eventful, osseous surgery proves to support the dentition and overall oral

In addition, the biomimetic glue is also able to transport potent drugs or even genes to affected areas where they are needed, whilst fixing the targeted area simultaneously. They can deliver pain killers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medicines or even stem cells to the sites where the adhesive is applied, making it a great choice for medical procedures involving the repair of broken bone (Noria Corporation, n.d.). Utilizing biomimetic adhesives for the repair of broken bones replaces the need of metal screws and pins which are potentially hazardous and are not always effective, especially for small fractures, making the synthetic adhesives a safer and better alternative (APAGE, 2013). Scientists have also taken an inert polymer naturally found in humans called hyaluronic acid-catechol (fig. 6) and the inert polymer found in algae called alginate catechol (fig.7), and modified them into an adhesive gel that mimics the structure of the proteins in mussel glue by adding

Chronic periodontitis is a complex disease that is mainly caused by intraoral biofilm harbouring periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. This results in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Hence the goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate these pathogenic organisms in the subgingival biofilm to achieve homeostasis. Non-surgical periodontal therapy is the keystone and first mode of treatment recommended for most periodontal infections. However, this treatment protocol does have limitations. Although the bacteria are initiating agents in periodontitis, the host response to the pathogenic microorganisms is critical to disease progression. The adjunctive use of systemic

The concept of Guided tissue regeneration is centered on placing physical barriers to block the apical migration of the gingival connective tissue and epithelium cells of the flap, while allowing the inward migration of periodontal ligament cells on the exposed root surface. This allows periodontal regeneration to occur. Physical barriers also protect the blood clot during healing and preserve space for the growth of a new periodontal apparatus.

Contradictory functions of osteopontin may be associated with Th1 and Th2 response and infiltration of inflammatory cells including different phenotypes of macrophages. In addition, since different forms of osteopontin in various tissues interact with distinct cell surface receptors and ECM proteins, osteopontin expressed by dissimilar cells or tissues may function differently. Therefore, identification of essential cellular sources of osteopontin in injured muscle and its’ influence on Th1 and Th2 responses is important.

The second approach for treatment of periodontitis is the surgical approach that, involves the flap surgery (reduction of periodontal pocket) which permits access for deep cleaning of the root surface, deletion of diseased tissue, and repositioning and shaping of the bones, gum, and tissue supporting the teeth. In some cases of sever bone loss, it may be tried to encourage regrowth and restoration of bone tissue that has been lost through the disease progression by procedure called bone grafting. Guided tissue regeneration is a more advanced technique that may be used along with bone grafting.

Periodontal regeneration is defined histologically as regeneration of the tooth’s supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum over a previously diseased root surface2. Great strides are being made to achieve this goal using bone grafts and various other regenerative procedures3. With the exception of blood, bone is the most frequently transplanted tissue in the human body. Virtually every operative day, orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, craniofacial surgeons and periodontists need to fill bony defects or augment deficient bone. The major types of commonly used bone graft materials include autografts, allografts and alloplasts.

The natural healing process after tooth extraction normally manages residual infection, but as an infection increases inflammatory activity, infection may result in increased bone resorption and a higher risk of implant stability loss and failure. The presence of granulation tissue in the socket of an infected tooth must be considered as an inflammatory response to bacteria. This reactive

Shaping functional dentin/pulp complex from monodispersed expanded cell cultures is an ongoing challenge. Tissue engineers have thus mostly relied on biomaterials/scaffolds in which cells can grow and differentiate. Several reports have shown that dental stem cells being seeded onto a matrix scaffold and transplanted in vivo form a new tissue similar to that of the native pulp (Cordeiro et al., 2008; Rosa et al., 2013). However, none of the scaffolds described so far has all the structure

The use of bioactive liners beneath resin composite (RC) would clinically be more advantageous than using GI liners as they are biologically well-tolerated by the pulp tissue [4] and have comparatively higher remineralizing ability. [5] The success of these laminate restorations depend not only on the bond strength of the liner to the dentin but also on the quality of bond between liner and overlying RC. Various studies suggest the application of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) instead of GI in the sandwich technique because of improved bond strength to RC due to its chemical bonding. [6],[7] The bond strength of RMGIC to RC varies depending on the type of adhesive used and it has been proved that self-etch is better than total etch. [8]