Mean Systemic Pressure

4. Atrial hypertrophy would probably have what effect on an electrocardiogram? *spike the p wave

The blood circulates around the body. The heart contract and relax, this mechanism of heart makes the blood to flow in the arteries to the body from heart and come back from body to heart through veins. The arteries carry oxygenated blood or oxygen rich blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygen poor blood. This flow creates the pressure on the arterial wall and the pressure that is exerted on the arterial wall is known as blood pressure. Blood pressure is expressed by the

View the right internal jugular vein when measuring jugular venous pressure. With aging, the aorta stiffens, dilates, & elongates, resulting in decreased pulsations on the left side. In addition, use caution when palpating & auscultating the carotid artery. Pressure in the carotid sinus may cause a reflex slowing of the heart rate.

The increased resistance of blood flow through the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle backs up the pressure of blood

The process of manual blood pressure and the meaning of the measurements taken, are critical in understanding how this process may differ in individuals found in different stages of their lives. Introduction Attention Grabber: “We are in danger of losing our clinical heritage and pinning too much faith in figures thrown up by machines.” - Paul Wood Reveal and Relate: I would like us all to take a second and think of this quote and the statement it is making.

1. Answer all questions with material that explains your answer. Yes/no answers receive NO credit.

• Pulse Oximetry - Tests the percentage of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is a normal level,

As this disease progresses and the workload of the heart is consistently increased, ventricular hypertrophy occurs. At first, the hypertrophied heart muscles will increase contractility, thus increasing cardiac output; however, as hypertrophy of the ventricular myocardial cells continues, it begins to have poor contractility, requires more oxygen to perform, and has poor circulation from the coronary arteries. This can result in heart tissue ischemia and lead into cardiac dysrhythmias (Lewis et al. 2014, 768).

The vascular system has a network of arteries, veins and capillaries, and these have a structure adjusted to their function. Atherosclerosis is a state in which an artery wall thickens by formation of fatty materials such as cholesterol. Blood pressure is calculated using a sphygmomanometer. The most used units of pressure are mmHg (millimeters of mercury). A healthy adult blood pressure is around 140 over 80. It contains of two numbers where one is the systolic pressure which is the maximum pressure when the heart contracts. The other one is the diastolic pressure which is the minimum pressure when the heart relaxes and fills with

As blood flows through all parts of the body, it exerts a pressure on the walls of the arteries carrying it. Blood pressure reflects this force through two numbers, the systolic and the diastolic.

Blood pressure (BP) as defined by Marieb and Hoehan (as cited in Peate & Wild, 2012) is the pressure that the blood puts on the blood vessel walls as the blood travels around the body controlled by the heart. The strength of the blood pushing on the blood vessel wall is the BP reading. According

(Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings. Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart and into the body from the left ventricle during each contraction and is measured in millilitres per beat. When the heart is resting stroke volume is at a normal pace. When the heart rate starts to increase stroke volume has to become faster and pump more blood out of the heart

reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

It is the measurement of the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls. A blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope is what are used to measure this. While taking you blood pressure two numbers are recorded; Systolic pressure and Diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the higher number that refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. Diastolic pressure is the lower number and refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Having high blood pressure can increase the risk of coronary heart disease (i.e. heart attack, stroke).