MCS*3500 W15 – Market Analysis and Planning
Professor: Sud, Bharat
GTA: Ferdausi, Sultana
Tyler Ciprietti | tcipriet@mail.uoguelph.ca | ID#: 0786162
Reflection 2 | Testing Causal Direction in the Influence of Presumed Media Influence
1. Describe the context (why it was done, the general interest and what the researchers wanted to find out) of the research and research question (what is the hypothesis). /10
According to the influence of presumed media influence hypothesis, people estimate the potential effects of media on other people change their attitudes or behaviours as a consequence. In 1983, Columbia University sociologist W. Phillips Davison published an influential article titled “The Third Person Effect in Communication”. This
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The experiment was conducted in class during lecture hours and 11 participants reported they never purchase sugar and were omitted from the results. Experimenters explained that participants were to answer a short survey about media impact on purchase decisions and handed out randomly two versions of a two-page pamphlet. In the first page, participants were asked to read a newspaper article about an expected shortage in sugar that is about to be published. In the second page, the participants were asked to answer three questionnaires, one measuring reactions to the publication of the shortage of sugar, and the second served as a manipulation check, and the final set of questions were demographic. The manipulation of perceived influence followed research demonstrating that perceived exposure is a strong predictor of the perception that media affects others. The respondents were given information about the shortage of sugar being posted on the front page of a newspaper, and others were told that the story was located in the internal page of the economic news area. The independent variable in this study was the condition in which the news story was located on the front page, or located within the paper. This would be measured by stating either 0= front page or 1= inside story. The dependent variable is the reaction of students …show more content…
The direct relationship has become more insignificant with the addition of the mediator variables. Although the researchers saw an almost significant relationship, the mediators indirect path looks significant and the direct path looks insignificant. If we can show that a mediator variable significantly explains a direct path, and a direct path becomes more significant, it fully explains why more condition (X) leads to (Y). The matrix originally determined the direct relationship being equal to P=0.0766, but with the mediators, the direct relationship has a P-value of 0.3211.
(Total Effect + Mediator = 0.3211& the indirect effect + a1xb1 = 0.2413)
We can conclude that pmi is a significant mediator and explains why the condition of putting the news in the back or front influences the actions of the students purchasing decisions. Next, the SPSS matrix process changed focused on the importance variable. The same figure (figure 2) can be used to represent this relationship, however importance becomes the new M variable, and the a1 b1 lines will change to a2 and b2. Since the condition (pmi) changed to importance, the researchers hoped to view a more influential relationship that will explain why students will change their purchasing decisions. The new diagram can be seen
Today’s media (news) plays an enormous role in the lives of people in directing a specific perception of the world around them. Most often media conduct's a subconscious effect upon its spectators in which the upshots are deliberately or illdeliberatly towards a particular topic.
a) What are the main reasons why the authors decided to conduct this study? How did they justify what they did?
What is the purpose of the research? Discuss the type of research being conducted, e.g. applied, quantitative, etc. and explain.
Such a bold position requires a new approach to marketing. The authors present a thesis of the Influence Mix, which introduces that there are three influences on consumer decision-making — the individual’s prior preferences, beliefs and experiences (P), other people and information services in the form of reviews and
Describe what this study demonstrated about human behavior and mental processes using the results of the study along with information you have learned in Units 1-3.
1. State the type of study that was conducted (see methods section of article, it must be one of the above study types).
Stephen A. Banning and Kaye D. Sweetser discuss the third person effect in How Much Do They Think It Affects Them and Whom Do They Believe?: Comparing the Third-Person Effect and Credibility of Blogs and Traditional Media. Prior to the third-person effect studies, scholars have been studying the relationship between people and the mass media for over two decades. According to the article’s literature review, the third person effect predicts that people will underestimate the strong influence the media has over people.
The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into people's minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into people's minds and leave a lasting impression. Though obviously people are aware of what they are listening to or watching, thoughts and assumptions can drift into their minds without even realizing it. These thoughts that drift in are extremely influential. The massive impact
Media in terms of television, internet, constantly portrays image of celebrities dressed in a particular way and this does to a large extent influence people to follow the same trends as they conjure up the image that that is the latest fashion. Thus results in their changing taste and preference for certain goods and services. This proves that people's taste and preference is influenced more by what is shown on the television rather than just what they actually like. Moreover, the media can also influence people in terms of their behaviour example, media is one of the main factors for the changing crime rates, violence, sexuality and more. For example, there was a case in India where a student had stabbed his teacher as his teacher had complained to his parents that his proficiency in Hindi was poor and that he had to do something to improve it. When asked what had actually motivated him to do so, the boy had mentioned that he was influenced by a recent Bollywood film called 'Agneepath' which had a lot of violent scenes. He mentioned that it was only after watching that movie that he was inclined to stab his teacher. This indeed serves as evidence to show the extent to which the media in its various forms could influence people into believing that certain deeds are fine to do though in reality it may not be therefore causing them to engage in the wrong behaviour
The media has been influencing society’s perception of reality ever since the printing press was invented in the early 1900’s. According to Delascio, when CNN first aired in 1980, it was the only television station devoted to around-the-clock news broadcasting. But by the end of the 1990s, it faced significant competition from MSNBC, Fox News, and others. As more twenty-four-hour news stations appear, many resort to attention-grabbing headlines that emphasize disasters and tragedies more than cooperation and good deeds (Delascio 2015). Does the media negatively or positively impact psychological perspectives? Who does the media influence the most men or women? Media tells you how to look at your world, yourself, and how to think in regards to them. It tells you what to be afraid of, what to hate, what to embrace, etc. If the idea of wanting to observe the effects of media on society, just look and listen. The messages that the media is transmitting are reflected in our societal values and behavior.
Media is a huge part of people’s lives in today’s society. Through different forms of media people can now obtain vast amounts of information at the slightest touch of a finger. While it is convenient and comforting to have access to so much data, the question arises. How much of this information we receive shapes our lives? Mass media as an agent of socialization can prime and/or skew people’s belief system through mere exposure without the slightest clue of it affects. Mass media as an agent of socialization can structure people’s perception on society as a whole by simply using influence, control, and trust.
The media is a form of mass communication that has a great effect on the values, beliefs and actions of many human beings around the world. Whether there is information coming from different sources of media such as ads, commercials, or magazines, all types of media
The co-relation between students who do not have any preference for accommodation and on campus is positively co-related as the significance value is less than .05. (p=0.016) This states that students who prefer to stay on campus don’t have a preference for their accommodation as they are positively correlated.
The “Media” or medium is defined and described by encompassing television, music, radio, Internet and the newspaper to effectively communicate to populations worldwide. With all these mediums to ensure communication and information to communities globally, it has become a great staple in how many conduct their lives and communicate to others. While many would suggest that we are to not believe everything we read or see, could that mean that it has the ability to have a negative effect on some? And if so what age, demographic or social group could be considered to be more vulnerable to these effects?
Gaskins and Jerit (2012) contributed their research on this topic and introduce it by sharing, “these findings have important implications for researchers and industry executives who seek to understand the changing nature of the media environment and its effects on the mass public” (p. 191).