Marathon Energy System

This energy is used to re-form the bonds between ADP and P to make ATP.

Energy is defined as the capacity for vigorous activity, and to ensure a continuous and sufficient supply of energy for all daily activities, there are three energy systems that work together. These systems are the ATP-PC system, the anaerobic glycolytic system and the aerobic system. Each system produces a different chemical energy from different sources at different speeds. Both the ATP-CP system and anaerobic glycolytic systems are anaerobic systems, meaning oxygen is not used to synthesise ATP. As a result, these systems produce energy quicker however they do not last very long. Comparatively, the aerobic system heavily relies on oxygen to synthesise ATP. As the chemical process uses oxygen to produce energy, it is more complex than the anaerobic processes. The aerobic system takes longer to produce energy

The energy systems used by the human body is categorised into the intensity of the activity performed and the time of which it takes to complete. In sports, she relationship between intensity and time is in most cases inversely proportional seen in the diagram. An example of a sport that is of high intensity and is completed in a short time period is a 100m sprint. In comparison an example of an activity or sport that is of low intensity but takes a long time to complete is a 3000m run.

Our body produces energy called ATP. ATP is the renewable energy source for our cells that consists of 3 phosphates, a sugar and an adenine ring. ATP can be produced in two ways, through aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs when there is oxygen, and anaerobic occurs when oxygen is not available. Also there are normally 3 phases in respiration, glycolysis, krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis the glucose splits into two

The beep test is the subject received a score 13.5, this meant that the subject covered a distance of 2460 metres and ran for a period of 13 minutes and 2 seconds. Their starting heart rate was 110 and they reached a maximum of 197. Lastly their final rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was 9 meaning they found themselves working ‘really, really hard’ and at maximum intensity at the completion of the test. Figure 3 showcases a interval to interval

Brooks GA, Fahey TD, Baldwin KM (2005). Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Application. 4th Edition

The concept of energy intake and expenditure refers to the amount of calories per day that an individual consumes, and is the chemical energy in foods which can be metabolized to produce energy available to the body. As stated before energy is obtained from the foods we eat and is used to support an individual’s Basal Metabolic Rate, energy is measured in calories or joules as both units are very small they are multiplied by 1,000 and referred to as kilocalories. Different foods provide us with different amounts of energy, and the potential fuel sources available to exercising muscles are fats – 1 gram fat =9.0kcal = 23kJ,

ATP-PC - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the usable form of chemical energy for muscular activity. It is stored in most cells, particularly in muscle cells. Other forms of chemical energy, such as that available from the foods we eat, must be transferred into ATP form before they can be utilized by the muscle cells.

Uniquely, glycolysis is both anaerobic and aerobic. The end product pyruvate, from glycolysis, is anabolized to lactic acid when there is a need for energy without an adequate supply of oxygen available. This last step or reaction enables glycolysis to continue producing ATP without the need for oxygen, which is why it is called the anaerobic energy system (Fink, 2009).

Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration, only producing 2 ATP per glucose molecule compared to 36 ATP in aerobic respiration (Silverthorn, 2014). Lactic acid is also produced as a by-product. Lactic acid cannot be removed from the area as easily as CO2, leading to a build-up in the muscles (Hlastala & Berger, 2001). James will only be able to continue the exercise for a short amount of time before becoming fatigued.

Even though extensive training can sometimes cause an athlete to reach a plateau in VO2 Max, he can still use his VO2 Max test results to make further improvements in performance. This is accomplished as he pushes to increase anaerobic threshold and maintain that threshold for longer periods of time. This enhances both endurance and cardiovascular performance. To summarize, a VO2max value will determine the size of an athlete’s “engine”. Once an endurance athlete has his/her VO2max value, they can then determine their current functional capacity and gauge their future progress. The athlete can also use their VO2max value to determine the right heart rate training zones that will enable their body to not only use the right amount and kinds of fuels but to maximize performance and minimize injury and fatigue. This is primarily due in part to VO2 and Heart Rate having a linear relationship until the athlete reaches their

The ATP-CP/Alactic Acid Energy System This energy system is referred to as the stored or start-up energy system. This energy system provides most of the energy that athletes use

Gradual progression of exercise time, frequency and intensity is recommended for best adherence and least injury risk.

Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.

Three different metabolic energy systems power your workouts — and your day. Here’s how each one works, and how to make the most of them all.