All literary works are written from a specific standpoint. This standpoint originates from the mind of the author. The author, when creating his literary work, has a specific diagram/plan and vision of what the story is supposed to convey. However, not all readers will interpret the literary work in the way that the author him/herself has presented it. Many times, in fact, the audience will perceive the literary work as having an entirely different meaning than what it was meant to have.
The short story, Bartelby the Scrivener by Herman Melville, has been reviewed by several different critics as having several different standpoints. These standpoints include Bartelby as a Psychological Double to the Narrator, an apostle of
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The narrator, confidently from the very introduction of Bartelby’s character, describes his every move and demeanors as if it was his own. He is able to successfully convey to the unidentified audience who Bartelby is, while managing to leave room for mystery within the character. The familiarity in the narrator’s description leads to a sort of justification of Marcus’ theory of the narrator and Bartelby as a “Psychological Double.” However, in order to successfully justify this theory, I believe that Marcus should have proceeded to convince his audience that the other characters, Turkey, Nippers, and Ginger Nut, are also alter personalities of the narrator. They too were an intricate part of the narrator’s description. Each of these characters possessed several positive and negative qualities quite familiar to the narrator. I feel that it is inadequate for Marcus to solely choose Bartelby and leave out the other characters as alternate personalities.
Critique of Reason
The critic, R.K. Gupta, uses “reason” to justify his standpoint on
Melville’s, Bartelby the Scrivener. Gupta writes: “ The unnamed narrator of “Bartelby, the Scrivener” is an apostle or reason. His outlook on life is clear, unambiguous, and uncluttered by mysticism or imagination. Reason and common sense are his deities, and he looks upon them as infallible guides to human conduct.” (IJ of
People one can never really tell how person is feeling or what their situation is behind closed doors or behind the façade of the life they lead. Two masterly crafted literary works present readers with characters that have two similar but very different stories that end in the same result. In Herman Melville’s story “Bartleby the Scrivener” readers are presented with Bartleby, an interesting and minimally deep character. In comparison to Gail Godwin’s work, “A Sorrowful Woman” we are presented with a nameless woman with a similar physiological state as Bartleby whom expresses her feelings of dissatisfaction of her life. Here, a deeper examination of these characters their situations and their ultimate fate will be pursued and delved into
In Herman Melville's short story, Bartleby, the Scrivener, the narrator's attitude towards Bartleby is constantly changing, the narrator's attitude is conveyed through the author's use of literary elements such as; diction-descriptive and comical, point of view-first person, and tone-confusion and sadness.
In “Bartleby, the Scrivener” the author, Herman Melville, uses indirect references to hint to many historical, literary, and biblical events. “Bartleby, the Scrivener” contains many allusions about important events that help connect this fictional story to actual events in Melville’s time period, before, and beyond. Melville uses allusions frequently throughout “Bartleby, the Scrivener” to help build connections with the real world and the fictitious world of this short story.
Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour” and Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener”, both demonstrate the theme of isolation and going against the oppression that was around in their time. Kate Chopin’s main theme is about how married women have less freedom and are restricted in the 19th century. She portrayed it by talking about the experience in Mrs. Mallard’s point of view when, she heard her husband was presumed dead in a train accident. The way “Bartleby, the Scrivener” was written, through the use of the setting imply that Bartleby is going against something he himself cannot change. Bartleby’s action was going against the working world, by refusing to eat and participate in the economy, since Bartleby was not cooperating with anyone and protesting by himself. Compared to “Story of an Hour”, “Bartleby, the Scrivener” shows more of the theme of justice because Kate Chopin’s story was more focused toward Mrs. Mallard without explaining the circumstance of why she wanted freedom. While “Bartleby, the Scrivener” showed more detail regarding the setting of Bartleby, which makes it easier to understand that he is rebelling against the system for his belief, even if he cannot change anything by himself. Both works demonstrate the theme of isolation and resistance, however Herman Melville express the theme better because of his use of characterisation and setting involved in the story.
This aspect of Bartleby’s heroism affects the story by developing a new theme to the story and developing the character of the narrator who is part of the story as the boss to Bartleby. It develops the theme of association between chronometrical time and the world of the spirits. It also changes the character of the narrator because he develops a new attitude towards time, and the world of spirits, which changes his normal way of belief.
Working to “earn a living” help describe the work ethic of America as it simply implies that increased income will lead to success. While white men spearheaded the Puritan movement in the 1600s, their values have become integrated into American society today. Boys and girls are taught at a young age that their grades in school and grit in their jobs will lead to happiness, money and a feeling of purpose. In Bartleby Herman Melville, Bartleby complicates this idea as he refuses to do what the Narrator asks him to do, even though he is his boss. The office in the story serves as a challenge for the claim that earning money means good living. The Narrator does not punish Bartleby and more so exiles him. As the Narrator and Bartleby come to work
The style of this story was not the greatest in the beginning, but got better the further into the story I got. As a reader, I found it very hard to concentrate on the first few pages because it had a very slow start to it. Once Bartleby was introduced, however, it was much easier to concentrate. The author created a great sense of mystery around Bartleby, and that is what pulled me into the story. I wanted to figure out who Bartleby was, where he came from, and why he behaved the
Men and women are faced with inevitable walls as they go through their daily lives, the strength of their character is derived by how they tackle these walls. Herman Melville gives us a glimpse at how walls can eventually destroy us if we give into them. In his short story, Bartleby the Scrivener, the narrator tells the story of a clerk he once employed, Bartleby. At first, Bartleby seemed to be the perfect employee, but he eventually began to shirk his work and depart into himself. Through the narrative, the narrator gives his account of how he dealt with Bartleby and gives the reader a look at the walls Bartleby dealt with in part of his life. The walls Bartleby continuously encounters throughout the text are a symbol of his isolation
In the short story “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” which was written by Herman Melville, the character named Bartleby is a very odd, yet interesting individual. In the story, Bartleby is introduced when he responds to a job opening at the narrator’s office. Although there is no background information given about him, it becomes very apparent that he will be the antagonist in this story. Unlike the usual image put on the antagonist, Bartleby causes conflict with a very quiet and calm temperament. This character’s attitude, along with the fact that he is a flat and static character, makes him a very unique antagonist, and this fact is shown through the way other characters approach and deal with his conflict.
“Bartleby the Scrivener” delves into the life of a worker at a New York City Law firm. Herman Melville provides a drab and bleak outlook on the conditions of labor and mental state of the workers at the firm. Though the story can be seen as a depiction of the isolation and lack of passion found in big city labor, I believe that Melville provides much more in his writing. Within the details provided in the story, he manages to forge a metaphor for the power of transcendental ideals such as self reliance and choice within a society. He illustrates a culture run not by one’s own beliefs, but rather the generalized other and people plagued by authoritarian ideals. By the end of the tale of Bartleby and his influence within the firm Melville strives to change society by informing the reader of the importance of non-conformity and belief in one’s ideals, but also the danger of following through with that in society.
Have you ever gone to work and question yourself, “Why Am I Here?”? “Bartleby the Scrivener” is a short story written by Herman Melville. Melville lived during the Industrial Revolution, which was a time where workers were not getting treated fairly. Even till now, some workers are not getting treated fairly with their bosses and getting paid minimum wage. It is still complex for some people to survive with the money they are earning.When he was a teen, Melville did not have a stable job so he followed ships around and he once traveled from New York to England and back. During this time was when it was popular for people to get the oil from whales. Herman Melville wrote Bartleby because he wanted to inform readers how the work style was like back in his days. In this story, Herman Melville wanted to relate his life to Bartleby and relate it to society. He wants people to appreciate the life they have now since it was not easy back in the days. As profounding as life seems to be now, back in Melville’s time people had to find or hunt their necessities instead of buying them, like oil. Life was difficult for Melville as a teen when he lost his father and was put in debt so he had to work hard in order for his family to be stable again.
What motivates you to go to work everyday? What motivates you to dress the way you do? What motivates you to be reasonable when it comes to normal requests? Ah, the ultimate question in need of an answer: Who determines what is reasonable and normal, and should we not determine these matters for ourselves? Chaos would result, you say, if every individual were granted that freedom. Yet, we all do have that freedom, and Herman Melville (1819-1891) through the interpretation of a man who prefers to follow his own path in "Bartleby, the Scrivener", subjectively conveys the mental anguish he experienced as a writer and man when the literary world attempted to steal that freedom.
Herman Melville, the author of Bartleby, The Scrivener, was born in 1819 and published his novella in 1853 (Biography.com Editors). In his novella, a successful lawyer of Wall Street hires a scrivener, named Bartleby, who begins the story as a very good worker, and then he declines to work by saying “I’d prefer not to” to the commands given to him. After Bartleby refuses to leave his firm, The Lawyer moves his firm to a different location to abandon Bartleby, who is arrested and placed in prison where he eventually dies from starvation. Melville’s intended audience was the readers of Putnam’s Monthly Magazine literate enough to understand his message. Writing for Putnam’s Monthly “enabled him to reach a large number of readers receptive to his literary interests and social concerns” (Talley 81). This time period also marks the beginning of a new idealistic philosophy. The philosophy of Transcendentalism arose in the 1830s in the eastern United States as a reaction to intellectualism (“Transcendentalism”). Its adherents yearned for intense spiritual experiences and sought to transcend the purely material world of reason and rationality (“Transcendentalism”). Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous and influential Transcendentalists (“Transcendentalism”). Three of the more prominent characteristics of Transcendentalists are disobedient, isolated, and nonmaterialistic. Thoreau supported disobedience in his essay titled “Essay on Civil
Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener” is one of the most elusive short stories in American Literature. Herman Melville’s story has plagued not only the readers, but also the narrator. While many hypotheses have been made, no interpretation dominates critical opinion or seems to fully explain the author’s purpose. A Lawyer, who runs a law firm on Wall Street in New York City, tells this story. An elderly man, an “eminently safe” one, whose work has brought him into contact with some very stimulating men. The one who grabs reader’s immediate attention goes by the name of Bartleby. Bartleby will detach from the world in stages, beginning with his initial statement. After the statement, with every passing second, he will take one more piece
Herman Melville, the author of Bartleby, The Scrivener, was born in 1819 and published his novella in 1853 (Biography.com Editors). In his novella, a successful lawyer of Wall Street hires a scrivener, named Bartleby, who begins the story as a very good worker, and then he declines to work by saying “I’d prefer not to” to the commands given to him. After Bartleby refuses to leave his firm, The Lawyer moves his firm to a different location to abandon Bartleby, who is arrested are placed in prison where he eventually dies from starvation. Melville’s intended audience was the readers of Putnam’s Monthly Magazine literate enough to understand his message. Writing for Putnam’s Monthly “enabled him to reach a large number of readers receptive to his literary interests and social concerns” (Talley 81). This time period also marks the beginning of a new idealistic philosophy. The philosophy of Transcendentalism arose in the 1830s in the eastern United States as a reaction to intellectualism (“Transcendentalism”). Its adherents yearned for intense spiritual experiences and sought to transcend the purely material world of reason and rationality (“Transcendentalism”). Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous and influential Transcendentalists (“Transcendentalism”). Three of the more prominent characteristics of Transcendentalists are disobedience, isolation, and nonmaterialism. Thoreau supported disobedience in his essay titled “Essay on Civil Disobedience.” Emerson stressed the importance of isolation in his works “Self Reliance” and “Nature.” This movement embraced a belief for a so-called “higher reality” that could not be found in reason, sense, or materials (“Transcendentalism”). Melville was well aware of this new philosophy, and it caught his interest. “Nay, I do not oscillate in Emerson’s rainbow, but prefer rather to hang myself in mine own halter than swing in any other man’s swing. Yet I think Emerson is more than a brilliant fellow (“Melville’s Reflections”). In Bartleby, The Scrivener, Herman Melville persuades his audience that Transcendentalism is not a rational approach to life by creating the character of Bartleby, who exhibits the characteristics