Essay Mangrove Swamps

Mangroves are trees and shrubs forming forests on the coastal wetlands, typically growing between saltmarsh and seagrass beds. Sydney Olympic park is the main habitat for the grey Mangrove and the planted river

The aim of this experiment was to observe and analyse the changes in and the effect of abiotic/biotic factors in mangroves at Nudgee Beach along a transect line from high to low tide. During 1 day, several data were collected within transect line from high to low tide, at Nudgee Beach including: wind, soil temperature, humidity, soil pH, slope of the ground, canopy cover and leaf cover. Wind, humidity, and soil temperature were measured using a data logger while the pH level was determined by using a pH kit. The slope of ground was determined by using one metre ruler and a clinometer, whereas, the estimated canopy cover and litter were visually estimated. By analysing these abiotic and biotic factors, along the transect line, it was found that

The mangrove tree is, as I learned through the presentations, characterized by its large, deep, and complex root system. This tree is only found in dense groves and forms a barrier between the ocean and the mainland. The mangrove tree is not a stable foundation to build upon and spreads its offspring by dropping pre-germinated seeds which then proceed to travel for thousands of miles. This is different from what I knew

Zonation is the distribution of animals and plants into specific zones according to abiotic factors and characterised by its dominant species [15]. Mangrove zonation is the distinguishable categorisation of a mangrove ecosystem that extends from shore to inland regions. Definitive spatial variation of mangrove species has been recognised amongst different ecosystems worldwide and is accredited as being influenced by abiotic and environmental factors [16]. In Eastern Australia, the majority of mangrove forests may be divided into landward, middle and seaward zones, based off of their placement in relation to tidal position. The following points represent the typical physiognomies characterised by mangroves in their corresponding zones:

* The efforts of “Terrigal Lagoon Bushcare” have been largely successful in keeping the lagoons around Terrigal ecosystems. Their actions have helped the native plants compete with the introduced species.

The erosion of shorelines is a natural process that can have beneficial or adverse impacts on the creation and maintenance of habitats. Sands and gravels eroded from the shores of coastal bays maintain the beach as a natural barrier between the open water and coastal wetlands. Beaches move back and forth onshore, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions. The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. However, excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle

Mangroves are halophyte plants that are physiologically amended to survive in habitat containing high concentration of salt in the soil water even though salt is not a physical requirement for growth; hence they are facultative halophytes (Dictionary, 2015). Mangroves at Nudgee Beach have developed three special mechanisms to manage the excess salt levels in their environment due to the disability of enzymes function at high salt concentration. Each species of mangroves are able to either: exclude (prevent salt entering), extrude (take salt out) or accumulate large amounts sodium chloride, enabling them to survive in their ecosystem (University of Sydney, 2015). Some species of mangrove have more than one of the above characteristics. The process

Chesapeake Bay population growth many different species of plants in the watershed that it come from freshwater flow (Magnien 1992). The one species plant found in Chesapeake is Cattails plant; often it found specie in northern North America a variety in wetlands habitats like lake or river. (Bo Zhang 2010). Soil is mineral and organic fragment with water. The plants need all of these to healthy growth. When the space of ground between soil and water if these are quantity low or high the concentration of water for the plants. The research to compare Cattails in two different locations; one location had dry soil and second location had wet soil. This research to find which one is quantity for Cattails growth in dry or wet soils. The hypothesis

Wetlands are important to animals because they provide shelter and a good living environment for certain species. For example, species such as Rafinesque’s big-eared bat and bald eagles depend on the trees in these wetlands and their hardwood forests to survive and grow.

Mangrove Forest is another type of ecosystem in South Texas. Mangrove Forests are found along the coast in salty waters and the general abiotic conditions are high salinity flooded soils, low wave energy, high temperatures, and muddy soils. Black Mangrove and Buttonwood are the dominant plant species in South Texas Mangrove Forest ecosystem. Buttonwood is adapted to this ecosystem because it resides inland where there is less salty conditions. Black Mangrove is adapted to sandy salty clay soil and requires protection from wave action and they are sensitive to cold weather. Some common animal species that live in Mangrove Forests are many species of fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds. Mangrove forests provide a habitat, shelter, and nursery to these species that reside in this ecosystem. Mangrove forest serve as a coastal protection from severe storms and hurricanes also help remove pollutants and erosion. The economic importance of Mangrove forest is that they support fisheries, water purification, tourism, and coastal protection. Human activities pose a threat to Mangrove Forests because of the removal of some mangroves, boat waves, oil spills, dredging, draining, and diking.

The research that I have conducted over this semester on the great dismal swamp maroon communities shows how significant the great dismal swamp was for escaped slaves. Each blog shows how unique the great dismal swamp is in terms of maroon communities around the world. The Primary and Secondary sources that were in the last two entries show why the swamp is perfect geographically and what purpose it served for those around it and within it. The Great Dismal Swamp Maroon Communities are historically unique in US History because they were such a prominent feature in events that happened in our country’s first 100 years.

Crossing the Mangrove by Maryse Condé first published in 1989, offers a fitting representation of French Caribbean history and culture. The novel stands out for its celebration of diversity and the concept of root identity throughout French Caribbean society. Condé’s novel reflects on the people living in Guadeloupe and the complex system that colonialism has created in the Caribbean. Also, it links the créolité movement from its counterpart Negritude and demonstrates how it shapes the identity of individuals living in the French Caribbean. The population of Rivière au Sel exemplifies the mixture of Guadeloupian people and how they interact with each other in a small community. Countless waves of immigrates to the Caribbean have brought African, East Indian, Europeans, Asians and other racial groups to live in close proximity to each other in Guadeloupe. In Praise of Creoleness, it explains the emergences of créolité and how it is a metaphor for a unique Caribbean identity completely separated from other movement in the Caribbean.

It is predicted that the distribution and the abundance of both the animals and plants of the mangroves ecosystem would differ depending on the locations and the effects of the abiotic factors.

Deforestation is one of the most significant issues of our time; considerable measures must be taken to prevent further pillaging of our unique forest resource.

However, many fisherman are unable to catch as many fish as they used to, so they are increasingly using cyanide and dynamite in fishing, which further degrades the coral reef ecosystem.[6] This perpetuation of bad habits simply leads to the further decline of coral reefs and therefore perpetuating the problem. One solution to stopping this cycle is to educate the local community about why conservation of marine spaces that include coral reefs is important.[7] Once the local communities understand the personal stakes at risk then they will actually fight to preserve the reefs. Conserving coral reefs has many economic, social, and ecological benefits, not only for the people who live on these islands, but for people throughout the world as well.