Literature Review
This paper will review four articles that examined which modality is better for diagnosing breast cancer while maintaining low dose to the patient. Currently, mammography is the main modality used in diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian women and is currently the second leading cause of death among Canadian women (Komen 2015). Breast cancer can occur in men but this is uncommon. According to Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation an estimate in 2015 suggests that 25,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and that 1 in 30 women will die from the cancer. On average in 2015 the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation collected data that estimates 5,000 women will die of breast cancer in Canada annually. However on the brighter side the Canadian
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Because there are other modalities that are available that can not only diagnose breast cancer but can diagnose it better than mammography, these other modalities should be considered before resulting to mammography (Raikhlin et al, 2015; Wise, 2015). A case study was conducted by Raikhlin et al between July 2011 and January 2013. The study selected high-risk women, between the ages of 30 to 69 that underwent screening of breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Mammography. The results of Raikhlin et al.2015 study was that malignancy was diagnosed in 13 patients, and of those 13 cancers 12 were detected by MRI and 4 by mammography. Raikhlin et al research shows that MRI can accurately diagnose breast cancer and can detect more than mammography can, and MRI can provide this diagnosis without exposing the patient to ionizing
This poster urges the importance of getting examined early so the risk of breast cancer greatly diminishes.
Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have been made in areas of reconstruction after a mastectomy. Breast cancer, the second leading cause of death in women, motivates many women to undergo screening every year and medical advances in 3D screening evolve regularly; though no cure has been
Masson devotes a more emotional appeal throughout the article, rather than offering confirmation to display that mammograms are not beneficial. She expresses reflection to show the reader her perspective and even contradicts herself in one aspect stating “If I should happen to discover a lump in my breast, I’ll have it evaluated. I’m not opposed to having a diagnostic mammogram” (Masson, 2010). This statement shows weakness within her argument and recognizes that there is potential in mammogram screening. Although relying on mammography is not the only primary diagnostic tool, it can however assist in the initial diagnostic process.
The Author reports that the new recommended age for mammograms, by the United States Preventative Services Task Force, has changed from 50 to 40 to reduce the harm from over screening and overtreatment. It also reports that self-breast examinations are no longer recommended on a regular basis. This recommendation comes from evidence that there are no major benefits of early screenings and that only “one cancer death is prevented for every 1,904 women” screened, age 40 to 49. Conversely, there is evidence that frequent early screenings can lead to overtreatment
In today’s society, women are not getting their mammograms done because they feel they are not necessary or because they are afraid of the results of the mammograms. Since women do not get their mammograms done, they are exposed to breast cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, women who get mammograms, reduce about “15% to 20% in mortality from breast cancer” (“National Cancer Institute” 1). If women would increase the rate of getting mammograms, there will be less deaths in women.
{text:bookmark-start} Mammograms {text:bookmark-end} Mammograms are important to have because it not only affects women over 40, but it affects young and men also. A mammogram (also called a mammography exam) is a safe, low-dose x-ray of the breast. A high-quality mammogram is the most effective tool for detecting breast cancer early. Early detection of breast cancer may allow more treatment options. It could even mean saving your breast or your life. Mammograms are probably the most important tool doctors have to help them diagnose, evaluate, and follow women who've had breast cancer. Mammograms don't prevent breast cancer, but they can save lives by finding breast cancer as early as possible. There are four important things to know
Many people think that having a yearly mammogram is a waste time and that it 's not a solution to breast cancer. One hundred thousand women turn into their 30s lives could be saved by annual screening. But others might not be safe those who turn forty. For every 1,000 women who have a mammogram screening only 100 of them are recalled to get more mammograms or ultrasound images, 20 of them are recommended for a needle biopsy, the other 5 are diagnosed with cancer. "About 40,290 women in the U.S. are expected to die in 2015 from breast cancer though death rates have been decreasing since 1989"("U.S. Breast Cancer...). The number of deaths was 21.9 per 100,00 women per year. These are the rates age-adjusted and based on 2008-2012 cases and
My mom makes herself go for a mammogram every year. The same as many other women, she doesn’t like it because the pain from the compression technique of the machine and the schedule is not very nice sometimes. Despite the inconvenience, she trusts that the screening mammogram could save her life from breast cancer. However, is the mammogram that valuable as a screening test? This question has been a controversial issue since an annual screening mammography was recommended to women above the age of 40. Recently, a vast study from Canada has casted doubts on the value of this screening test again. Since it made headlines on newspapers and TV news on February, many researchers have investigated and given opposing opinions on this Canadian study. Experts, including the American Cancer Society and the American Radiology College, debunk this Canadian study and strongly encourage women to continue their annual screening mammograms. Today, a development version of mammography – digital breast tomosynthesis – is a promising technology that would improve the quality of mammography. For a better healthy life, women should continue their annual breast mammograms and request that the hospital use tomosynthesis technology to ensure the accuracy of this crucial screening test.
Currently mammography and ultrasound are basic imaging techniques for detection and localization of breast tumor. Breast Ultrasound is a typically painless medical test that uses reflected sound waves for further evaluation of a breast abnormality or a specific area seen on mammography. Ultrasound can locate and measure abnormalities or changes to determine if a breast lump is solid or filled with fluid. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast which may find tumors that are too small to feel. Women aged 40 to 74 years should have annual screening mammograms to lower chance of dying from breast cancer(2,15).Mammograms are less likely to find breast tumors in women younger than 50 years. This may
Mammograms are a test one can have done to see if they have breast cancer. A mammogram is an x-ray picture that can show lumps in one’s breast up to two years before it can be felt (National Cancer Institute.) Mammograms can be very controversial on whether or not they are necessary. Despite having a quick 5-6 minute breast examination at your doctor’s appointment, regular mammogram screening is necessary for discovering the lumps that haven’t progressed enough to detect by touch. Mammograms are able to detect cancer early, and through early detection the patients are able to undergo less invasive treatments and have a better chance at survival. Many find mammograms a waste of time or money because they are getting their breast examined at their doctor’s appointments, but the mammogram is able to detect the cancer sooner than you would by touch. It’s always better to be safe than sorry and in cases like this the sooner you find out, the better.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. A mammogram, is a simple test done with x-ray, to screen women for abnormalities of the breast. Over the past six years, the guidelines put out by various healthcare organizations have changed multiple times on when women should begin screening mammograms. Based on statistical data collected by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), 20 percent of women go without a screening mammogram for their own various reasons, of which may be lack of insurance, lack of time or lack of knowledge as to when they should be getting a screening mammogram done due to the recent changes in recommendations. The utilization of annual screening mammograms beginning at age 40 will continue to help reduce the incidence rate of women with breast cancer, or catch it early enough so that treatment can be sought.
Three-quarters of all breast cancer patients are not in any of the groups considered at increased risk for breast cancer, indicating that not all risk factors are understood. As a result, doctors recommend that every woman should familiarize herself with the techniques for monthly breast self-examination. X-ray examination of the breasts, a technique called mammography, can detect tumors before they are large enough to be felt and increase the odds for successful treatment. The American Cancer Society recommends that women over age 40
Breast cancer is a complex disease that will affect around 1 in 9 Canadian women during their lifespan. According to the latest statistics, it is found that around
It is estimated that 40,030 deaths from breast cancer (39,620 women, 410 men) are will occur in 2013. Breast cancer is second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer death rates have been decreasing steadily since 1989, rates decreased by 3.0% per year in women younger than 50 and by 2.0% per year in women 50 and older between 2005 and 2009. This decline is attributed to prevention, early detection, improved healthcare services and reduced use of MHT.
The most sensitive and specific radiologic test for breast cancer is a contrast-enhanced MRI scan, which refers to an MRI that is enhanced by the administration of an intravenous 'contrast' agent. The contrast agent helps to 'light up' a breast cancer on the MRI scan when one is present. Breast implants do not interfere with breast MRI scanning in any