Malloy The Conductor Of The Experiment Essay

It is the primary caregiver who the child first begins to develop these intra- and interpersonal processes with. Future success of social-emotional development in children, is dependent upon the “the presence of caregiver-child relationships,” and the consistent, reliable, and empathic, positive serve and return of the caregiver (Briggs, Silver, Krug, Mason, Schrag, et al, 2014). Caregivers who have experienced childhood trauma, have a decreased ability to provide this type of interaction. Therefore, a child’s social-emotional development is at risk. Due to the caregiver’s traumatic history, they may have an inability to effectively interpret a child’s emotional state, and they may inappropriately respond to a child’s attempt for interaction. This caregiver may respond by using negative parenting practices including severe physical and psychological aggression, or neglectful behaviors (Briggs et al.). Thus, through inadequate parenting techniques, caregivers continue the intergenerational cycle (Brigs et

Studying collage students, or any other narrowed group, does not represent the majority of individuals that could be in the situation of a false confession. The consequences of a confession of a crime can lead to an investigation to close, leaving the "perpetrator" with higher charges. These real life consequences can also discredit any real evidence on a case, letting the real perpetrator off. With this, if an individual decides to retract their false confession, a jury is more likely to convict them because they are seen as untrustworthy (Kassin et al., 2010). These consequences are unlikely to be taken into consideration with experimental research on false

The representations of attachment disorder in children include such thoughts as: “I am bad and unlovable,” “my caregiver will not protect me from traumatic experiences,” and I am not able to get my caregiver to “respond consistently to my needs”. These children view their caregivers as unreliable, unresponsive, rejecting, and threatening. They should be responded to with empathy and calm as a means to reduce their arousal, as opposed to anger and discipline which can heighten the adverse physiological and behavioral outcomes the child is experiencing.

If a child makes a disclosure I will listen to them, I will let them have their say uninterrupted as not to put words into their mouths, I will take notes of actual words, times and dates where possible/necessary. I will use appropriate facial expressions (not frowning or cross) make eye contact and be at their level. I will not make promises, not to tell anyone else or keep secrets and I will explain that it’s not their fault, their not to blame and that they are not bad. I will value and respect them and try my best to keep them comforted.

The Strange Situation is meant to be a snapshot of the relationship between infant and caregiver, and provide insight into the dyadic patterns that define this bond. Securely attached children are thought to have a primary caregiver who is sensitive, available and receptive to their infants needs. Insecure-avoidant children have primary caregivers who are intrusive, controlling and hurtful. These caregivers may be present in the infant’s life but unable to understand their infants needs, and provide the correct response. Caregivers of insecure-ambivalent infants have been found to be unresponsive to the needs of the infant, and very often unavailable. The effect of this treatment is that the infant is starved for affection and attention. The infant also feels the need to amplify their needs in an effort to reach their caregiver (Barnett & Vondra, 1999).

“The wall street Journal noted in Sept. 8, 2013 report, National Registry of Exonerations statistics suggest that young people in particular are more prone to admitting guilt for crimes they did not commit. Thirty-eight percent of exonerations for crimes allegedly committed by youth under 18 in the quarter century involved false confessions.” (John Wihbey and Margaret Weigel,2015,Para.3) False confession is the admission of being guilty for a crime that they did not commit. In the interrogation, Police officers may question witness or victims who may have information on a specific crime. The officers may lead a group of questions about the event or evidence of the crime scene. The suspects or victims may know information about it, however,

Has this world came to a end to even suspend a boy for singing hid country's song!Also, not for patriotism, but for being a disturbance. 9th grader, Philip Malloy from Harrison School District was not suspended for patriotism, but for creating a classroom disturbance. When he was asked to stop and he didn't, he refused to apologize, and cause others to react.

Many individuals do not fully understand the possible consequences of making a false confession or report to detectives. The construction of a false version of events, whether due to

The Effect of Hearsay Witness Age in a Child Sexual assault case” from the journal Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, authors Jonathan M. Golding, Mary C Alexander, and Terri L. Stewart discuss how jurors view hearsay witnesses and if the age of the hearsay witness effects their perception of the credibility of hearsay witness. A study was done with male and female participants, who read a fictional court case summary about a sexual assault. The court case summary involved a 7, 16, or 25-year-old hearsay witness testifying on behalf of a 6 or 15-year-old victim. (Golding, Alexander, Stewart, 1999) The case included the testimony of one primary witness, a hearsay witness, or a clinical psychologist. (Golding, Alexander, Stewart, 1999) The authors begin by explaining the purpose of child hearsay testimonies and when hearsay witnesses are permitted, “a child’s words are hearsay if (a) the child’s words were intended by the child to describe something that happened, (b) the child’s words were spoken prior to the court proceeding at which the words are repeated by someone who heard the child speak, and (c) the child’s words are offered in court to prove that what the child said actually happened.” (Golding, Alexander, Stewart, 1999) hearsay isn’t always permitted in order to keep the trail from becoming unfair. The authors discuss different studies that have been done on hearsay testimonies and whether these studies have shown hearsay to be reliable and warranted. One study that is described ended with jurors believing the hearsay witness just as much as the victim testifying on her own behalf, the reasons for this, as the article explains, is “the mock jurors may have seen the hearsay witness as a ‘surrogate who is simply retelling the child’s story’” (Golding, Alexander, Stewart, 1999) second jurors may feel the need to punish someone because sexual assault is seen as such a horrible crime, third the hearsay

Jo’ana Meyer is a sociologist at the Rutger’s University who has carried out valuable research on children’s susceptibility to leading and suggestive interviews in the context of court testimony. She has discussed the effects of stress, prompting and imagination on children’s memories and powers of recall. She stresses the importance of Milgram’s research and points out that children are likely to obey authority at an even higher level than the adults in Milgrim’s experiments. Meyer has made important suggestions about ways to interview children that would increase the accuracy of their testimony. (“Meyer’” Inaccuracies in Children’s….).

Have you ever read or heard about an experiment and wondered whether it was ethical? In order for an experiment to be considered ethical, it must be “in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice” (“Ethical”). In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tale “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”, Dr. Heidegger performs an experiment on four elderly individuals that he claims are “a little beside themselves” (Hawthorne 138) and has them drink water from the Fountain of Youth so they can become young again. He informs the participants that he is not going to drink the water and will only watch the experiment. Dr. Heidegger does not clearly explain his true purpose for completing the experiment, and

     The current anxiety about the validity of children’s testimony in court stems mostly from heavily publicized cases of child molestation during the 1980’s

Caregivers play a primary role in how a child may develop. The daily interaction between the caregiver and child continually changes the pathway in which the child may take. How the child is raised and the parenting style used is a significant influence on that development by affecting the relationship between parent and child. This supports the Attachment theory in which emphasizes relationship between the child and caregiver as a key factor in development.

In this study, the researchers represented only the number of prompts given by the caregiver and the number of removals from a setting. A visual support was implemented to both participants to decrease unwanted behavior during the transitioning from one setting to another. The researchers identified the target behavior for each participant and tracked it during baseline, intervention, and maximum transition time. The introduction of the visual supports resulted in a significant decline in the inappropriate behaviors for the two participants. The researchers felt the use of the visual supports reduced the amount of time spent between activities as well as increased independence for each

In the first few months of life, the sole purpose of any child’s behaviour is to survive. This, more often than not, results in actions that reduce the risk of harm and increase the chances of longevity. Of these behaviours, some argue that the most influential is attachment behaviour. “Attachment behaviour is any form of behaviour that results in a person attaining or maintaining proximity to some other clearly identified individual who is conceived as better able to cope with the world”(Bowlby, 1982). Therefore, children will make an effort to stay close to and under the protection of their primary caregiver. According to Webster, “through interactions with their primary caregiver, the child develops expectations and understandings about the workings of relationships. These mental representations of relationships become internalized to the degree that they influence feelings, thought and behaviour automatically and unconsciously” (1999, p.6). Moreover, the response of the identified individual plays a huge role in the child’s perception of the outside world. If the caregiver responds to the child’s needs in a caring and protective manner, the child will feel safe and comfortable in his or her surroundings. If, on the other hand, the caregiver is often emotionally and/or physically unavailable, the child is likely to