value about 0.71 + 0.15 x 10-3 mm2/sec (mean + SD) and four cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma their mean ADC value was about 0.81 + 0.15 x 10-3 mm2/sec (mean + SD); thus our results are comparable to those of Oka K, et al (24), as the mean ADC value of the malignant soft tissue tumors reported in his study was 1.02 + 0.20 x 10-3 mm2/sec (mean + SD).
Also in the current study there were three cases of each of the following: undifferentiated round cell sarcoma and synovial sarcoma with mean ADC values: 0.52 + 0.20 and 1.02 + 0.30 x 10-3 mm2/sec (mean + SD) respectively; thus our results are consistent with those of Oka K, et al (24). In this study we encountered a case of malignant myxoid tumor (high-grade myxofibrosarcoma), its ADC
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Although there was no significant difference in the ADC value between benign and malignant myxoid tumors, in the contrary among non-myxoid tumors the mean ADC value for malignant tumors was significantly lower than that for benign tumors all ADC values for malignant non-myxoid tumors were lower than 1.235 × 10−3 mm2/s . These findings suggest that if an ADC value exceeds 1.235 × 10−3 mm2/s in non myxoid tumors the possibility of malignancy is low. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a low ADC value does not exclude the possibility that a tumor is benign. . In our study we obtained threshold value 1.235 x 10-3 mm2/s with 73 % sensitivity and 91.7% specificity where there is highly significant difference between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. In the current study we encountered three patients with benign lesions, demonstrating low SI in DWI and very low ADC value similar to ADC values of malignant soft-tissue tumors, yet turned to be lipomas with mean ADC value 0.31 + 0.91 x 10-3mm2/sec and they were considered as false positive, and these results were consistent with those of
Fig. 47: An 18 year old male having a myxoliposarcoma of the left thigh. The mass has hyperintense streaks in T1WI denoting its fatty component and has a bright T2 signal denoting its myxoid content. It has a bright signal in DWI which turns dark in EADC denoting its facilitated diffusion. ADC measures 2.5.quoted from( S. Osman et al ;2014)
Clear Cell Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that usually affects young adults between the ages of 20 to 40 years old, not to be confused with Clear cell sarcoma in the kidney. Clear cell sarcoma is a genetic mutation, in chromosomal translocation, the two pieces of chromosomes are switched, which results in abnormal fusion of genes. When this happens, the clear cell sarcoma tumor
Reaching out to the American Cancer Society, as well as nurse practitioner Mary Hesdorffer. I become knowledgeable on the diagnosis of Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma comprises 3% of cancer diagnosis. It develops in the mesothelial cells in one’s body; cells that are protective lining for the body’s organs and cavities. The disease has five known forms. Four of the forms are malignant cancers, with one being benign. Malignant cancer grows and invades the surrounding tissues, were benign cancer does neither. Pleural Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura with 70% of diagnosis being this form. Peritoneal Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneal membrane with 25% of diagnosis being this form. Pericardial Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the heart, known as the pericardium, with 5% of cases being pericardial. Testicular Mesothelioma develops in the tunica vaginalis of the testicles, being the most rare form with fewer than 100 documented cases. Benign Mesothelioma, only form were full recovery is the probable outcome, is a form of mesothelioma that develops in the pleura, difference being its stagnant.
Diagnosing mesothelioma might one day be as straightforward as taking a breath test. A group of analysts have been trying the effectiveness of an electronic nose in identifying mesothelioma, a quickly developing tumor brought on by presentation to asbestos. Mesothelioma is famously hard to analyze in light of the fact that it frequently impersonates other lung-related illnesses. The vicinity of liquid is generally not distinguished by a normal checkup on the grounds that the measure of liquids is typically little. Nonetheless, when certain issue happen, the pleural liquid expands and may development bringing about pulmonary symptoms and signs. Once the development of liquid happens, a finding is required.In expansion, the absolute most compelling strategies for
Solid tumors can be either malignant or benign. Malignant solid tumors are cancerous, while benign solid tumors are not. The names of solid tumors vary depending on the cells or tissues that from them. Examples of solid tumors include sarcomas (connective tissues e.g. fat cells, muscles, nerves, tendons etc), carcinomas (begin in tissues that lines the internal surface of the body and body organs e.g. breast, lung, prostrate, and colon), Lymphomas (affects the immune system).
Apparent diffusion coefficient is the most widely used diffusion MRI parameter which can be easily and rapidly obtained and could be used to grade cerebral gliomas. ADC assesses water diffusivity and inversely correlated with tumor grade.
Pheochromocytoma is an adrenal gland tissue tumor. (PubMed) This growth is a result of excessive release of catecholamine’s (hormones). Norepinephrine and epinephrine are the primary hormones secreted while some can produce dopamine. (Medscape) These increased chemicals in the body can influence the persons “heart rate, blood pressure and metabolism”. (PubMed) If not treated these tumors affect the cardiovascular system and can lead to the development of “life threatening hypertension”. (Medscape) These tumors can be seen as a single mass or multiple tumors and can appear unilateral or bilateral in the body. (PubMed) Thirty percent of pheochromocytoma cases are found to be heredity where ten genes have been linked to the condition. Ten percent of pheochromocytomas are malignant and the most common sites of metastasis include “liver, bone and lymph nodes”. (Medscape)
Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)
Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler; Stormy, husky, brawling… (Sandburg 1948). In these few lines, Sandburg is trying to tell us that the city is full of these tool makers and stackers of wheat but these people (hard working people) make up the city of Chicago so these people ARE Chicago. He summaries by saying that Chicago is the “City of the Big Shoulders” (Sandburg 1948). When you imagine someone with brad shoulders, you see a very strong muscular person. This image is also supposed to be seen in the city; the city is strong, dominate and full of personality.
One thing that we never want to hear a doctor say to us is that we have a tumor. Tumors are classified into two different classes, malignant or benign. Malignant are cancerous and are life threatening, while benign are not life threatening. Malignant tumors may spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors stay in the place where they started. When the cells in a tumor are normal, it is benign. When the cells are abnormal and grow uncontrollably, they are cancerous cells. Looking at tumor cells through a microscope, cancer cells appear to have abnormal
There are two extensive classes into which all malignancy types can be isolated: hematological, which are blood-borne diseases and strong tumors, which are the developments depicted previously. Every kind of disease has an extraordinary name, more often than not originating from the range of the body which is fundamentally influenced. For instance, delicate tissue tumors are dangerous developments which happen inside the profound muscle or interfacing tissues all through the body. Melanoma is a sort of skin growth, which influences cells containing skin pigments.
Women back then didn’t have as much rights as men had , for example in the story “The Scarlet Letter” it talks about a girl named Hester Prynne that was sentenced for adultery and was in prisoned . Another example is the story “The Declaration Of Independence” it talks about “All men are created equal.” and “All men have basic human rights given to them by God.” but never mentioned women about their rights because women didn’t received any rights till later on .
Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.
Ewing's sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that grows in the bones. It is usually found in longer bones of the arms or legs. The thigh bone (femur) is the bone most often affected, followed by the bones of the pelvis, lower leg, upper arm (humerus) and chest.
It was an early autumn morning in early September in the year of 2001. The day started off like any other at that time of the year, getting up really early in the morning, cursing the gods because high school had to start so early. After eventually waking up enough to drive into school, I would fly down the road picking up all my friends and then all of us having to run into the building because we tried to milk those last minutes of sleep every morning. It certainly started out just like any other day at that time in my life.