Malaria In Togo Africa

In the United States, there are the privileges of incredible doctors, medicine, insurance, and many other resources that help the society stay healthy and prevent disease. Disease and sickness can be detrimental to a society. For example, something as simple as getting a flu shot saves lives around the world every year. In the Congo, vaccines are lucky to come by and are extremely valued. When people in a society are prone to disease, this affects how effective the society can be as a whole. Furthermore, this starts from the youth. The youth in the Congo are deprived of basic health requirements, causing the Congo to be an ineffective and war torn society.

The world as a whole should be mortified by what is happening in Sub-Saharan Africa. In places like Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho poverty, crime and systematic corruption are the tinder for the fire that is the HIV epidemic in Africa.

Background - Malaria is a water borne disease. It is spread by a parasite-carrying mosquito. It kills many people and reduces a country 's capacity to develop. There are different strategies to combat malaria. Around half the population is at risk of malaria and this disease is active in 106 counties across Africa, Asian and the Americas (see source 3). the global annual mortality from malaria is between 1.5 - 3 million deaths, or between 4000 and 8000 each day. Developing countries are most vulnerable to Malaria and as shown on source 2 Malaria has been spread across many various other countries including in Europe, but these countries have eradicated Malaria.

Togolese people wash themselves in contaminated water, there food is cooked in contaminated water and everyday under a sweltering sun they drink contaminated water.

Ninety percent of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the location and region of where this issue affects. In a concentrated effort to treat malaria since 2000, 700 million cases have been stopped in Africa, bringing the number of cases down by almost fifty percent. This pleasant news is the result of human interaction. Since the introduction of bed nets, malaria death rates have dropped by sixty percent, saving six million lives. All this progress has to be credited to the scientists who got notified by their respective countries when deaths constantly occur in a certain area through communication. Shortly after getting notified, the researchers travel to sub-Saharan Africa, which requires movement, to analyze the situation

Since 2013, the UK has a populations of 63,136 thousands, with a median age of 40 years. The number of births in the country is 770.3 thousands, while the number of deaths is 560 thousands. The at-birth life expectancy for both sexes is currently 81, while women appear to have a higher life expectancy than males. Despite the late life expectancy age, there are a number of diseases that greatly influence the UK’s health status.

“Ethiopia, 22 March 2013: Clean Water, Sanitation and a Hygienic Environment, Crucial for Children” an article on Unicef.org proposes that “If 90 school buses filled with kindergartners were to crash every day, with no survivors, the world would take notice, but this is precisely what happens every single day because of poor water, sanitation and hygiene.” People need to do what is right, and instead of hearing about conflicts and hiding from them, citizens need to inform the community to step up and help fix the problems occurring. Water is so crucial to life that you can not live without it, but in Ethiopia it is also so lethal to their citizens. “Ethiopia Post Big Gains in Access to Drinking Water,” on Guardian.com states “the percent of people in Ethiopia without access to clean water has increased substantially from in 2000 having 20% access, to nowadays with 68% clean water access.” While situations may be improving, they are not nearly satisfactory. Help to spread the awareness of the effects on children from lack of clean water in

On 28 July 2010 the human right to water was clearly accepted by the United Nations General Assembly. Clean drinking water are essential to the realization of all human rights were also been acknowledged (United Nations, 2014). The human right to water include five factors which are sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable (United Nations, 2014). However, in these five factors, sufficiency and safety are the top two serious issues which will be discussed in this report. Sufficiency means the water supply for a person, between 50 and 100 liters, must be enough and continuous (United Nations, 2014). And the water supply must meet the world Health Organization Guidelines for drinking water quality. This essay will discuss two major problems in two different countries which are water scarcity in Ethiopia and water sanitation in Kenya.

Each year over 30 million women become pregnant in Africa (Richard 1996), with most living in areas of stable malaria transmission. This majority of women infected the malaria risk of maternal anemia and delivering a low birth weight (LBW) baby. I will focus on the impact of malaria during pregnancy and subsequent infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This reviews aim is to investigate the impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight (LBW) in sub-Saharan Africa with various levels of malaria transmission.

In September of 2013, I was living in the Eastern Region of Ghana among the green, tree-decorated mountains. Within a few days of my arrival, however, my young host sister came down with a fever and chills: telltale signs of malaria. This came as no grand surprise, as West Africa has long been recognized as an endemic region. However, as we drove to a nearby chemist to retrieve a dose oral antibiotics, my host father described the changes he’s observed in Ghana’s malaria since he was a child – and this was startling. He illustrated the discrepancy between the way the land appears now and how it did in times past, suggesting that these alterations are connected to transformation in malaria incidence. Palm oil, pineapple, and cashew plantations replace the once-thick natural forests of the mountains. My father explained how the foliage has become sparse and spotty compared to the dense jungles that enclosed the village when he was young. A popular rodent forest-dweller used for food became endangered as their habitat was destroyed. The new roads which wind to and from the new farms are littered by puddles, and as my father said gravely, there is more malaria.

Prominent water-borne diseases such as cholera and malaria pose a significant health risk, particularly in the wetter south regions.

“Water is essential to life; however, people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and several die of waterborne bacterial infections” (Cabral). Africa is home to many of these people. This region is in desperate need of a transition, not only in access to fresh water, but also for better sanitation. Toilets are often found over pits, next septic trucks are hired to pump out the sewage, and finally carried away. The dumping sites for the sewage are commonly found in rivers, streams, or oceans. Thus contaminating Africa’s fresh drinking water causing many people to become sick. An even bigger problem is when the toilets, which are called pit latrines, fill up people have no choice but to go to the bathroom outside in the open and have by the time this ends up running down into the open drinking water. No matter where people in Africa defecate it almost always ends up in their drinking water. This problem is constantly getting worse

Prevalence of infant malaria cases has caused much alarm among stakeholders in the health sector; communities, policy-makers, and health workers alike. According to the 2015 Center for Disease Control statistics in an article by Ceesay et al. (2015), the overall prevalence of malaria among infants aged 6 months or less, especially in Sub-Saharan countries, was 11.8%. These astonishing figures are attributed to the neglecting of newborns in the assumption that they are protected against malaria by the presence of fetal hemoglobin and transferrable maternal antibodies (Ceesay et al., 2015). This lack of attention on malaria infection among infants, therefore, justifies the

Ghana continues to struggle with poor access to clean water and sanitation systems are either non-existent or weak.23 Five million Ghanaians still use contaminated water from unsafe sources.8 Many countries at higher risk of droughts and floods usually have low levels of access to water, putting the sanitation systems at risk. By 2030, it has been expected that more than 118 million people will be exposed to drought, floods, and extreme heat in Africa.23 This means countries like Ghana will continue to struggle with poor sanitation. Sanitation concerns would include damage and loss of services from these natural disasters and reduced carrying capacity of the waters. 20 Droughts would lead to insufficient water resources that are able to flush sewage systems adequately and the results of higher temperature can have an impact on how sewage systems operate. Flooding could lead to inundation of pit latrines or sewage treatment facilities.24 Droughts and flooding would increase the risk of contamination of the environment. Another physical impact of climate change in Ghana is the rising sea levels. Approximately 25% of the population live in coastal areas.25 If this rate continues with the sea level rise, by 2050 more than 100sq km of land would be lost and 132,000 people will be displaced.25 This will also contaminate the fresh water and

Such faster rate of change has serious implications on the lives and livelihoods of the highlanders since the extreme temperature events will contribute to the increase in mean temperature. Previous studies in East Africa have documented that an increase in the mean temperature is associated with vector-borne diseases, including malaria by supporting the breeding and growth of mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus (Omumbo et al. 2011). The other study also projected that there will be a significant decrease in the main crop produced in eastern Africa owing to heat stress (Adhikari et al. 2015). Similarly, there is evidence that continued incidence of meteorological drought episodes, famines and climate-sensitive, resulting in human and crop diseases, both in the northern highland and southern lowland regions of Ethiopia (Aklilu and Alebachew 2009; Gebrehiwot and van der Veen 2013; Bewket et al. 2015; Degefu et al 2017). Primarily associated with climate extremes, Ethiopia has experienced 12 major droughts from 1900 to 2010 which claimed the lives of over 400 000 people and affected over 54 million people (You and Ringler 2010). The continued climate extremes in Ethiopia caused for loss of crops and livestock that contributed to food insecurity, including famine to the Ethiopian population (EPCC 2015; Savage et al. 2015). The 2015 El Niño-induced severe drought alone has resulted in