Malaria
Introduction
Malaria is a Vector borne disease that affects millions of people every year. It is responsible for over 600,000 deaths yearly. It has the highest infection rate in countries in Africa, this is due to the climate and health practices. It is carried to humans primarily through mosquitos who transfer between people when they bite them. In this way, the mosquito is the transport between two humans for the disease. The disease is transferred through blood and continues to the liver where it enters liver cells. From there it is put back into the blood in larger numbers and is carried around the body to hijack and shut down many different systems and functions. In this way it involves almost every system in the body. The
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Since Smallpox is no longer a danger people are no longer immune to it so if it did get out then it would cause a pandemic. Malaria has less of a chance of that because it requires mosquitos for rapid spreading, but there is still a danger of that. I have twice traveled to a country that is “at risk” for malaria. If I had contracted it there I could easily have returned to America with it inside me without being aware of it. This is the only known way that the disease still enters the country.
Malaria’s age speaks of an adaptability to it, when comparing a sample from ancient China to one today there are huge differences to be seen. This indicates that Malaria has a large past that there is very little known about. Possibly the answer to the ideal treatment lives in its past. By looking at the past it is possible to see how to form the future.
Anatomy & Physiology
Malaria enters the bloodstream with the bite of an infected mosquito it is called a sporocyte. It then travels to the liver where it rapidly multiplies which is called exo-erythrocytic replication (malaria.com). From there it travels again into the bloodstream. Merozoites infect red blood cells and continue to replicate there, this bursts the cell. The bursting of the cell spreads the infection and causes many of the symptoms of Malaria. The infected blood cells also stick to the walls of small blood vessels near major
According to the book, the doctor and his crew of medical professionals learned information about malaria at a lake called Zancudo Cocha, which means “Lake of the Malaria Mosquito”. The word “Malaria” actually can be traced back to Italian roots named mal aria, or bad air. It is caused by the anopheles mosquito, which often had a needle that is infested by parasites. When the anopheles mosquito hits a blood vessel and began extracting blood from the target, the parasites traveled through the bloodstream, which is a part of the cardiovascular system, and found a home at the liver. They would then multiplied and return to the bloodstream to destroy red blood cells, causing fever and chills. Even though there is no effective protection against bug bites, the most effective treatment for most forms of malaria would a synthetic pill called chloroquine.
America is expected to be the land of the free. A place where people expect to come and receive equal opportunities. You expect to put your hours in working and expect to get paid accordingly. This expectation wasn’t as expected and Jurgis (The main character of The Jungle) soon realized his reality once in America. While reading this book I found it very similiar to a movie I seen called Fast Food Nation and the two went hand in hand.
Brian, G, Y., Greenwood, D, A., Fidock, Dennis, E, K., Stefan, H, I. Kappe, P., Alonso, L., Frank, H and Collins, P (2008) “Malaria progress and prospects for eradication.” Journal Clinical Investiment. 118: 1266-1276.
People infected with malaria often experience fever, chills, and flu-like illnesses and then they may develop severe complications and die if left untreated.
Malaria is a disease that affects nearly 600 million people and causes more than a million deaths a year, the most coming from children under five. This disease is regularly found in more than 100 countries around the world and affects 40% of the world’s population. It is most commonly transmitted by an infected Anopheles mosquito. The most deadly form of malaria is known as Plasmodium falciparum because almost all deaths from malaria are caused by this specific one. Some of the symptoms that are affiliated with this strand of malaria are the destruction of red blood cells along with complications with the kidneys, lungs, and brain. In more serious cases, it can cause permanent neurological effects and even death. As the Nobel Assembly said at the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, “Diseases caused by parasites have plagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing”. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, “a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria by killing the malaria parasites an early stage of their development.”
Fortunately this may all change as for the first time there is talk of wiping out malaria, mostly if not entirely from human existence. To first understand how this is possible, we must first discuss why is malaria, such a big problem and why is it so efficient in what it does. Malaria is commonly found parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. these parasites commonly infects mosquitoes which feed off of the blood of various animals including humans. Interestingly, only female mosquitos are able to host the parasites needed to spread malaria. When the mosquito puncture people with their hypodermic like nose to drink the blood, typically a bit of the blood is regurgitated and when this is done, some of the mosquito spit is also put back into the person. In the spit exists the parasites which are responsible for the symptoms of malaria. Once the parasites are in the body, they will begin to make their way to the liver and eventually infect a large amount of liver cells until the parasites are mature. Once some of the parasites are mature, some will enter the bloodstream while others will remain dormant within the liver to ensure that not all of the parasites are
There have been many attempts at preventing malaria, none of which have been very successful. These have usually involved protecting human beings from mosquitoes, the dreaded carriers
How the Nazis used the study of Abnormal Sociology to construct an enemy of the Jews and how they used the basics of Conflict Theory to increase social tensions between Germans and Jews? What is Abnormal Sociology and Conflict Theory? Abnormal Sociology is defined as the study of behavior that widely deviates from accepted social patterns and the study of social skills. Conflict theory is defined as tension and conflict that arise when power and resources aren’t evenly distinguished between groups within society. Also, implying these that these conflicts alter the society and create social change.
Malaria is a very contagious parasite transmitted through mosquitoes to humans. Those at risk are individuals living in areas conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes, especially those that allow the mosquitoes to complete their growth cycle. Everyone is at risk
While the most common way malaria is transmitted is from mosquitoes to humans, there are other ways of catching the disease. One way is from mother to her unborn child. When a disease is contracted this way it is said to have been transmitted congenitally. Another way is during blood transfusions. This is why it is important to be tested for diseases such as malaria before you give blood.
Malaria is a virus transmitted by a vector known as the mosquito. When pregnant female mosquitos hunger for human blood spreads the virus. Malaria can also be spread via blood to blood, such as transfusions, organ donation, and childbirth. Mosquitoes acquire the virus when biting an infected human. Malaria has two hosts the human and the mosquito. The virus is transmitted from the mosquito via saliva when being bit. The parasite begins it journey in humans in the liver then in a week going into the blood and disrupting normal red blood cell activity. When a mosquito has a blood meal from a infected person the parasite is the transmitted and develops to become a cyst and entering infective state traveling to the mosquitoes salivary glands waiting to be transmitted to a new host.
Malaria or other similar diseases like malaria has been recognized and encountered by humans for more than 4,000 years. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasites, which enter the human body and are transmitted to people through the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite (Q&A, Malaria). Once the parasite enters the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. The malaria parasite was first discovered on November 6, 1880, by a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Al phonse Laveran. While stationed in
The symptoms vary because patients are diagnosed with having either uncomplicated or severe malaria. This is due to the fact that different kinds of malaria range in severity. For instance, ,P. falciparum and P. knowlesi infections can cause rapidly progressive severe illness and lead to death death while the other species, P. malariae, P. vivax, or P. ovale are less likely to cause such severe manifestations. Furthermore, P. vivax and P. ovale infections also require treatment for the hypnozoite forms that remain dormant in the liver and can cause a relapsing infection. Finally, P. falciparum and P. vivax species have varying drug resistance patterns in different geographic regions. For P. falciparum and P. knowlesi infections, the urgent initiation of appropriate therapy is especially
Malaria is considered one of the deadliest pandemics in the world. It kills 1 million people every year, and kills a child every 30 seconds. Ebola and the Black Death look wimpy compared to it, even when we know how to cure Malaria. But why is it so deadly, and how can we stop it?
The life cycle of the malarial practice consists of a motile non sexually reproductive form termed a sporozoite making its way into the hosts blood stream via being bitten by a mosquito seeking a blood meal. From here it travels into the liver cells where it reproduces asexually to produce merozoites which infect red blood cells and metabolise haemoglobin. At this stage the parasites reproduces asexually to produce more merozoites which infect more red blood cells. At this stage some of the merozites develop into gametocytes which are immature gametes. When a mosquito bites the infected individual the gametocytes are taken up with the blood meal. In the mosquitos gut the gametocytes develop into mature gametes where they form a zygote -which is motile- that migrates to the salivary glands of the