Major Primary Components Of Neurons

Describe the anatomy of the neuron and the ways that neurons communicate with each other.

The cell body comprises of the nucleus and other organelles (Ward, 2010). The nucleus contains the genetic code, and this is involved with protein synthesis (He, 2013). The dendrites receive information from other neurons which are located in a close proximity (Kalat, 1995). The terminal of an axon compresses into a disc-shaped structure (Gross, 2010). This is where chemical signals also known as a neurotransmitter permit interaction amongst neurons, by means of a minute gap named a synapse (Martin, Carlson & Buskit, 2013). Both neurons which form the synapse are referred to as a presynaptic synapse (prior to the synapse) and postsynaptic (after the synapse), reflecting the direction of information flow (from axon to dendrite), (He, 2013).

As well as these there are also the axon of the cell which is covered in myelin sheaths which carried information away from the cell body and hands the action potentials, these are small short bursts of change in the electrical charge of the axon membrane through openings of ion channels, off to the following neurons dendrites through terminal buttons at the end of the axons. Whenever an action potential is passed through these terminal buttons it releases a chemicals that pass on the action potential on to the next neuron through the terminal button and dendrite connection. The chemicals that are

The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.

As soon as the electrical signal reaches the end of the axon, mechanism of chemical alteration initiates. First, calcium ion spurt into the axon terminal, leading to the release of neurotransmitters “molecules released neurons which carries information to the adjacent cell”. Next, inside the axon terminal, neurotransmitter molecules are stored inside a membrane sac called vesicle. Finally, the neurotransmitter molecule is then discharged in synapse space to be delivered to post synaptic neuron.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is connected directly to the central nervous system, and consists of neurons and nerves that send information back and forth the CNS. Furthermore, the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections, the sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system. The Sensory The sensory nervous system is in charge of transmitting data from a variety of internal organs or from external stimuli to the central nervous system using sensory nervous cells. On the other hand, the cells of the motor nervous system (motor neurons), take the impulse from the CNS to effectors, which include glands and muscles. In addition, the motor nervous system can be further divided into the somatic nervous system, controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs, whilst the autonomic nervous system operates

Midterm Essay ExaminationMidterm Essay Examination1.Describe the basic functioning of a neuron beginning with receiving signals from other neurons or sense organs and ending with the transmission of a signal to another neuron. Explain how a pattern of neuron firing is related to behavior.

When a neuron sends a signal down it’s axon to communicate it is called an action potential. The action potential can reach the end of the axon at the presynaptic terminal. The synaptic gap between the axon and the dendrite of any nearby neuron, and the message sent by the action potential must cross the synaptic gap in order for the message to be sent on to the next neuron. The postsynaptic terminal is where this message flows to the next

4.On a neuron, the branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons are the dendrites.

The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

Each neuron consists of a cell membrane that has extensions called dendrites and axons. Dendrites are responsible for receiving messages

The peripheral Nervous System includes nerves outside the brain.It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body. There are two major parts to the Peripheral Nervous System .The Autonomic Nervous System which controls the automatic functions of the body such as the beating of our heart. The Somatic Nervous System which allows us to consciously or control our skeletal muscles such as the movement of our arm.

The transmission of signals among the various parts of our body can well define the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of two systems the central and peripheral. Our brain and spinal cord make up the central while the peripheral nervous system makes up almost everything else. The central nervous system is responsible for receiving and sending information to different parts of our body. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling the voluntary movement of muscles.

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to collect information from within the body and from the environment outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the body; to obtain an appropriate response. Once the data arrives, the brain will sort and file it before sending out any commands on what to do. The central system is the main command center of the body that contains the brain as well as the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system contains a network of nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.