Lumbar Spine

MRI of the lumbar spine obtained on 05/19/15 revealed at L2-3, endplate osteophyte formation and disc bulge contribute to a mild degree of spinal canal stenosis and a mild degree of bilateral neural foraminal compromise. At L3-4, a disc bulge eccentric leftward and endplate osteophytes formation are responsible for a mild degree of spinal canal stenosis, a mild degree of right neural foraminal encroachment, and a moderate degree of left neural foraminal encroachment. At L4-5, there is a diffuse disc bulge and endplate osteophyte formation which effaces the ventral aspects of the thecal sac and are responsible for a moderate-to-severe degree of spinal canal stenosis, a mild degree of right neural foraminal encroachment, and a severe degree of left neural foraminal encroachment. At L5-S1, a shallow disc bulge and endplate osteophyte formation contribute to a mild degree of left neural foraminal encroachment, without compromise of the spinal

11/13/14 MRI of the lumbar spine showed 4mm left paracentral and foraminal disc protrusion at L4-5, which mildly impinges upon the thecal sac and the proximal left L5 nerve root. The disc protrusion also moderately narrows the left foramen and lateral recess. There was also a 2mm posterior central disc protrusion at L5-S1. A 2mm disc bulge at L2-3 was seen. There was a mild degenerative facet and ligament flava hypertrophy at L4-5 and

Between fifty to eighty percent of the population experience symptoms of lower back pain; and while the reasons for such symptoms are vast, a good majority is due to intervertebral disc degeneration due simply to age. As a primary contributor to stress absorption during movement as well as providing the spine with decent mobility, intervertebral discs are composed of an annulus fibrosus outer and nucleus pulposus inner portion. While the outer annulus fibrosus consists of primarily type I collagen, the nucleus pulposus is a gel-like tissue similar to hyaline cartilage composed mainly of type II collagen. Like most other primarily collagen tissues, intervertebral discs are mostly avascular, meaning they repair injury very slowly, if at all;

The pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of LBPP remain poorly understood. However, ongoing research is advancing the understanding on the pathophysiology and many explanations have been advocated. Studies suggest that low back pain is commonly caused by disorders of the vertebrae and intervertebral joints, back muscles and ligaments, and spinal mechanics (Porth, 2011). The lower back (lumbar) is made up of five vertebrae (L1-L5) containing fibro cartilaginous discs to prevent the vertebrae from colliding, and protecting the spinal cord. The spine is stabilised by the multifidous muscles and ligaments of the back and abdomen. Additionally, facet joints support and enable spinal movement (Hughes et al., 2012) (Salzberg, 2012). An intervertebral disc consists of a gelatinous core covered by a fibrous ring (Hughes et al., 2012). Normally, the blood vessels and nerves flows outside of the disc, however if the discs loses its ability to manage physical forces, it

The Vertebral column is an amazing part of the human body. It is made up of many different pieces that all fit together to make something that keeps the body up right, allows movement, supports weight and protects the spinal cord. There are four different segments of the spinal cord. One of those segments is called the lumbar region. The lumbar region consists of 5 vertebrae that make up the lower back (Lippert, 2011). The lumbar region supports most of the body weight and allows movement. People often do not realize how important the vertebral column is until it is already injured. Injury to the lumbar region can be caused from a vertebral fracture and can be very painful to ones lower back.

The spine is one of the most important structures in the human body. The spine is located in the dorsal cavity and consists of 24 bones, called vertebrae. These vertebrae play a crucial role in protected the body’s command center, the spinal cord. But what happens when a disorder prevents the spinal column from functioning correctly? Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and it effects millions of people in the US per year. I have chosen this disorder because I am aspiring to become a chiropractor and scoliosis is a typical condition that chiropractors help treat on a daily basis.

Regarding Physical Therapy 3X6-Spine (Lumbar/Cervical/Thoracic); CA MTUS supports an initial course of physical therapy with objective functional deficits and functional goals. The claimant has basically whole body pain with limitations in range of motion and tenderness in most all body parts. Medical necessity has been established. However, initial 6 visits are given. Additional requests should include functional improvement, discussion of functional goals and patient’s progress in meeting these goals. Recommend modified certification of PT 2X3 Spine (Lumbar/Cervical/Thoracic).

This condition does not necessarily cause pain, however, when this bone growth impinges on the delicate spinal cords and nerves, pain ensue. Desiccation of the spinal discs, in relation to aging, is another feature of cervical spondylosis. The spinal vertebrae consist of thick, pad-like cushions that main tasks are to absorb impacts based upon our daily activities. This gel-like substance in between the spinal bones dries out over time as the aging progress. On younger adults the condition occurs due to physical injuries obtained. The consequences of fluid loss in spinal disk will inflect pain to the individual depending on movements and

Moreover, now I learn most specific radiological techniques for different condition especially associated to spine. I learn importance of MRI and CT scan in different spinal pathological condition. To improved knowledge regarding types of MRI or CT scan method will most appropriate to condition, for instance, in the disc herniation condition, MRI will provide most appropriate result for soft tissue injury but in other cases CT myelogram is second choice techniques. Discography, is second last choice, before spinal surgery or fusion. I used to seen a 57 year old male patient with lower back pain, patient have improvement in pain with modality and strengthening exercises techniques but suddenly one day he was lifting trash pot and feel severe pain with radiating symptoms and feeling less sensation around inner thigh. Next day he came to me and complaining of this symptoms which are indicates for referral and further investigation. Afterwards, MRI reports revealed prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD-extrusion) at level lumbar 3 and 4 (L3-L4). I also learn certain condition (spinal stenosis), physical examination will helpful to detect pathological condition and which always should be confirmed by diagnostic imaging method and requirement for referral to appropriate

Low back pain is presumed to occur in 85-90% of the adult population at least onset throughout an individual’s lifespan (Bono, 2004). The core as described by Akuthota et al (2008) is a muscular box with the abdominals in the front, paraspinals and gluteals in the rear, the diaphragm at the top, and the pelvic floor and hip girdle musculature at the bottom. Within the “box” multiple muscles help to stabilize the spine and pelvis as well as transmit forces through the kinetic chain. Without the stability provided by the core musculature the spine would become unstable with forces less the 90 N when loaded anteriorly, which is considerably less than the weight of the torso (Akuthota, Ferreiro, Moore & Fredericson, 2008). The muscles and joints

There are several different types of curvatures of the human spine, one of the most common forms being Scoliosis. Each singular spine curvature indicates a specific form in which the spine lays out within the human body. In terms of Scoliosis, it is defined as an ailment that causes an irregular arch of the vertebral column. Now observing the spinal cord from a lateral view, it will always appear with distinct curves. However, when inspecting the spine from the posterior positioning of the human body, it should come into view as straight. The other forms of irregular spine curvature are identified as Kyphosis and Lordosis. Kyphosis is termed as an arch visible from the side where the vertebral column is bowed forward. As for Lordosis, this particular spine curvature when viewed from behind is displayed as fixed backward. However, both forms are visible within the spine. For Kyphosis, it is noticeable within the thoracic area, whereas Lordosis is visible in the superior cervical region as well as the inferior lumbar region of the spine. On the means on gender, females are more probable of being diagnosed with scoliosis as opposed to males. The first sign of scoliosis may be determined at any age, however it is more communal in beings over ten years old. The main reason as to why many are detected with scoliosis is due to hereditary factors. Of the people who already have disorder, their offspring’s are highly expected to have it as well. Though there is no

“A Multicenter Prospective Study of Quality of Life in Adult Scoliosis,” is a trail that tests the effectiveness of non-operative and operative treatments of scoliosis. The trial is currently not open for recruitment. The primary goal of this trail is to compare the outcomes of surgery and non-operative treatments of scoliosis. The study will be done on patients aged forty to eighty with ASLS defined as a lumbar curve with a coronal Cobb measurement that is thirys degrees or greater. The secondary goal of this trial is to evaluate the impart of patient factors and co-morbidities (Multicenter). In order to be eligible for this study the patient must be between the ages of 40-80 years, have a double major or thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis measure thirty degrees or greater, and a SRS score of 4.0 or less in pain, activity and or appearance. The estimated enrollment is three hundred patients. This trial will be conducted by Washington

The aim of the study was to determine the surgical outcome of lumbar discectomy as a treatment option for lumbar degenerative spine disease. This study evaluated the outcomes after lumbar discectomy for degenerative spine disease at six months post operative period. From the study it is evident that most of the patients benefited from surgery. The ODI questionnaire pertaining to tolerance of pain, well-being, walking, standing, sitting, personal life, social life, lifting, traveling and sleeping was compared in the pre-operative and post-operative stages which clearly showed that there was a significant change with reference to nearly all variables among post-operative patients. The study goes in line with the findings of literature

Scoliosis is a complex deformity or curvature of the spine and entire torso and has been recognized clinically for centuries (Asher, Marc A.). “For a few of the patients an underlying cause can be determined, including congenital changes, secondary changes related to neuropathic or myopathic conditions, or later in life from degenerative spondylosis. However, the cause of most scoliosis is not known and since about 1922 such patients have been diagnosed as having idiopathic scoliosis (Asher, Marc A.).”

It’s my 13th birthday! I'm finally a teenager! My mind is running wild with all the things I want to do today. Spend the day with my friends at school; go out to dinner at the restaurant of my choice, birthday wish phone calls and cards and birthday presents!! The only drag about today is I have a doctor’s appointment with an orthopedic spine specialist because my regular doctor said he noticed a slight curve in my spine called Scoliosis. No big deal right? Well that’s what I thought until I got the news.