Loss Of Bone Health Essay

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Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle from the loss of tissue, generally as a result of specific changes. Risk factors that take part in the disease are things such as unchangeable risks like sex, age, race, family history and the size of the individual. Other risk factors include hormone levels and medication as well as dietary factors and life choices. Life choices that play a role are sedentary lifestyle these are people who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do their more-active counterparts, weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for your bones to ensure the bone remolding cycle ensures them to grow strong (MayoClinic, 2013). Common symptoms that one should take into

I would recommend decreasing caffeine intake, stop smoking, strength training exercises, walking, eat dark green leafy vegetables for calcium,

Before starting pharmacological medication preventive measures should be taken. For example, weight-bearing exercise, calcium and vitamin D intake, quit smoking and alcohol. After that start osteoporosis medication if it is primary, but if it is secondary treat the underlying cause first. These drugs do not treat osteoporosis, but decrease further loss of BMD which include Bisphosphonates (Alendronate- Risedronate- Ibandronate- Zoledronic acid), Raloxifene (Selective estrogen receptor modulators), Calcitonin (hormone decreases bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity), Denosumab, Teriparatid(Parathyroid hormone). The first drug used is alendronate because of its high efficacy in preventing fractures and low cost. If the first line drug failed other bisphosnates or denosumab can be used. Ralaxofeine used as third line drug because it has a risk of developing blood clot diseases, yet it decreases the risk of breast cancer . Calcitonin is used for those who are contraindicated to the previous drugs because of its low efficacy. Teriparatid is the only drug that works by increasing BMD, but is the last drug used. It is taken for a maximum 2 years and expensive and contraindicated in those who have history or having a bone cancer. For those patients who complain of sever back pain surgery might be suitable for them as a last solution although the efficacy and safety

Osteoporosis is a treatable disease, but not a curable one. There are different types of treatment for osteoporosis. Some of the medications that can be taken for treatment of osteoporosis are estrogen, bisphosphonates, calcitionin, raloxifene, parathyroid hormone, and testosterone replacement (UCSF Medical Center, 2010). Some of the more common names for bisphosphonates are Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva, and Reclast (Mayo Clinic, 2009). These treatments are taken orally once a week or once a month. In addition to the medications, there is also the treatment of exercise and diet. With a diet high in calcium, stopping unhealthy habits, like smoking and drinking, and regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of bone fractures in people with osteoporosis (The New York Times, 2010). In Ms. Duckworth’s incident, it would be recommended that she increase the amount of calcium in her diet and exercise, and depending on the severity of the osteoporosis, medication.

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

However, although this technique has important ad¬vantages over DXA, it has also disadvantages, some of which are common to DXA. First, it has been shown that BMD values depend on the bone marrow composi¬tion: this factor could provide an underestimation of bone mineral content values. Second, the radiation dose induced by a QCT scan of a hip is significantly higher than that of DXA (1 mSv vs 10 μSv), which limits the applicability of the technique not only for screening but also for standard diagnostics (36). In addition, this technique has difficulties with quality control, high cost compared with DXA, necessity of well-trained technicians for scan execution (37). For the clinical use of QCT and pQCT in the man¬agement of osteoporosis, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) published its official posi¬tion in 2008 stating that QCT of spine and pQCT of radius predict vertebral and hip fractures, respectively, in post-menopausal women

There are a plethora of health issues that contribute to bone loss, such as nutrition (low calcium consumption) and rarely engaging in exercise, people who have an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking or extreme alcohol usage are also at risk. “Bone loss in adolescence and early adulthood can be a result of a failure to attain peak bone mineral density, and accelerated bone loss may be particularly noted around menopause and in later years” (Lin, 2014, para. 1). Though the exact cause is unknown, additional sources may include latent health disorders such as thyroid problems.

Smoking: A number of studies have shown a correlation between tobacco use and increased risk of fractures. Those with poor bone health are encouraged to give up cigarettes.

A large decline in bone mass occurs in older adults. In women, it occurs about the time of menopause. During this time it is important to practice good health habits because if more bone is lost than is replaced, the bones will become less healthy and more likely to break (fracture). If you find that you have a low bone mass, you may be able to prevent osteoporosis or further bone loss by changing your diet and lifestyle.

Healthy diet and weight-bearing exercises can help prevent bone loss or strengthen already weak bones, but what other options are available? There is more and more clinical evidence showing that bioidentical hormone therapy and strontium supplementation are effective ways to fight the risk

A condition in which bones become weak and brittle is called Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis means “porous bone.” Healthy bone looks like honeycomb, while osteoporosis has much larger holes or spacing. It can’t be cured but treatment might help. When there is an imbalance of new bone and old bone resorption. Osteoclasts dissolve the damaged or unwanted bone leaving tiny holes for the osteoblasts to fill with new bone. The body sometimes fails to grow enough new bone to replace the old bone. Poor nutrients and smoking are some risk factors. Also, not enough exercise may play a key role as well. Many people have no symptoms until they have a bone fracture or shrink in height. There are treatments like medications, healthy diets, weight- bearing exercises,

According to Bucher, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Lewis & O’Brien (2007), “The main functions of bone are support, protection of internal organs, voluntary movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage.” Bones also provide the body with stability which prevents the body from collapsing and allows for weight bearing (Bucher, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Lewis & O’Brien, 2007). Bones are a major factor in the hematological system because red and white cell production occurs in the marrow of bones. Maintaining bone health consists of a balance of exercise, nutrition, lifestyle habits, proper body mechanics, immunizations, and stabilized hormones. As we get older, our bones get weaker and we loose more bone than it’s replaced. “Numerous factors such as loss of minerals, lack of exercise, and hormonal changes influence bone health as we age” (Patience, 2015, p. 78).

     Osteoporosis can be prevented. Regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of bone fractures associated with osteoporosis. Studies show that exercises requiring muscles to pull on bones, cause the bones to retain and perhaps even gain density. Researchers found that women who walk a mile a day have four to seven more years of bone in reserve than women who don't. Some of the recommended exercises include: weight-bearing exercises, riding stationary bicycles, using rowing machines, walking, and jogging. Avoiding smoking and watching what you drink can also decrease your chances of acquiring osteoporosis. Most important of all, a diet that includes an adequate amount of calcium (from milk and dairy products such as cheese and yogurt), vitamin D, and protein

Osteoporosis is described by the NHS as “a condition that weakens bones” and is fairly common, affecting roughly 3 million, with more than 300,000 people receiving treatment each year. Fractures are extremely common as the weakened bones are more susceptible to damage, even coughing may cause vertebral damage. Osteoporosis can be classified as type I or II, “both type I and type II osteoporosis occur through an imbalance between total skeletal bone formation and bone resorption which is sustained over many years” (Theobald, 2005), and are related to a lack of vitamin