Long Beach Erosion

Seawalls are also strategies that Cronulla and Collaroy implement on their beaches. However, the seawalls in Collaroy are buried under the sand and are only visible after large-scale erosion events. Whereas Cronulla beach’s seawalls are visible and reduce the scenic

Collaroy beach is located 16km north of Sydney’s CBD within Warringah Council's local Government Area. It is approximately 3.6 km long from the local Collaroy surf Club to the Narrabeen lagoon in the north. It had extensive development in comparison with other beaches. There are over 120 plots of land and 293 residential units within this area. Many buildings are many stories high to accommodate a large number of wealthy people. This high level of development has posed a serious risk to property due to the effects of erosion, which has shaped Collaroy beach many years along with other natural processes such as deposition. Erosion continues to occur as the land is pushed inwards at a relatively rapid pace. A year 10 grade from Redfield College

The aim of this report is to investigate Long Reef and Collaroy Beach’s coastal management.

These sea walls are a form of coastal defence which are constructed where the sea and associated coastal processes, impact directly on the landforms of the coast. The purpose of this sea wall is for protecting areas of human habitation, leisure activities and conservation from the action of tides and the waves.

walls. Rip rap walls are when larged rocks are piled in a certain angle to catch drifting sand and protect the beaches from harsher waves and to protect buildings from high

Barrier beaches are not static, they are constantly being changed (Coastal Change ) by the forces that formed them; waves and wind. One change effecting barrier beaches is they are moving closer to the main coast. This movement is caused by the rise in sea level. As the sea level rises waves crash higher and higher upon the beach, as they do this the dunes are pushed back. There are also seasonal changes in the barrier beaches. During stormy seasons sand is removed from the beach and deposited off shore on the longshore bar. During calm season waves redeposit sand upon the beach and the beach grows.

Thusly, chronic coastal erosion is beginning to become a huge problem along a majority of the U.S. coast, exclusively on Hawaiian Islands (Romine and Fletcher, 2013). “Kona” storms, with southerly winds and waves, can trigger momentary erosional events to south and west exposed beaches on the coast (Romine and Fletcher, 2013). Erosional events are undoubtedly proving to control most shoreline changes throughout the state Hawaii, let alone Kauai. Romine and Fletcher’s studies of historical shorelines on major Hawaiian Islands, including Kauai, have proven that shoreline changes on the islands are displaying a dominant trend of being caused by erosion (2013) on the leeward and windward sides of the

Dr. Fred Rich presented his research on the presence and creation of sand dunes on the Ohoopee River Preserve from a geological perspective. Dr. Rich is a professor at Georgia Southern University in the department of Geology and Geography. The main purpose of his research was to explain how sand dunes form, where they are located and why they exist. Sand dunes are sand ridges near lakes or deserts that are formed by the wind, aeolian deposition. The presence of a sand dune creates a significant contrast in the deposition of the environment in which one side can be a flourishing environment full of trees or grasses while the other side is just a xeric environment of sand. The preserve itself is a prime example in which the area is surrounded by a cypress forest while the sand dune area inside is just a xeric environment with

Wind and waves affect Glenelg as they set up a northward drift of sand along the coast and this type of sand movement is known as littoral drift. During coastal storms, huge quantities of sand are eroded and this does damage to near shore, beach and sand dune areas. Glenelg is not considered to be a stable as beach as many others are. Seagrass loss and seabed instability that affect Glenelg is that a third of seagrass meadows along the coasts of Glenelg has died since 1950 and poor water quality resulting from the stormwater runoff and effluent disposal has most likely been the initial cause. When there are gaps in the seagrass meadows the sand below the meadow edge can be eroded by the waves and this will in turn increase the rate of seagrass loss and make it difficult for plants to recolonise the seafloor, even though the water quality has been improved. Sea levels affect Glenelg as parts of Glenelg are being subsided as a result of climate change and a relative sea level rise of one to two millimetres per year has been recorded for Glenelg. “As a result of the loss of sand from the seabed, the level of the seabed has steadily become up to one metre deeper and the wave energy reaching our beaches has increased.” (Adelaide’s Living Beaches Strategies,

The loss of Louisiana coastal land is one of the most major factors in our environment today. Louisiana has already loss 1,880 square miles of land in the past eight decades. This problem is effecting the state funding to help solve the problem before the state lose more coastal land. Human disturbance has had a massive impact on the balance of wetland growth and decline. (Wilson, 2013). In order to stop this situation the state needs to have a stronger structural protection for the coast line. (Wilson, 2013).

The beach front plain is upheld by a bed of crystalline shake secured with southeasterly plunging wedge-molded layers of sand, mud and rock. Water going through this approximately compacted blend breaks up a significant number of the minerals. The most solvent components are iron, calcium and magnesium.

The beaches of South Carolina are a prized quality and possession to the state and its people as it provides beauty, enjoyment and the economic benefits of tourism year round. Due to storms, natural processes of sand movement and development, the beaches of South Carolina, specifically the Grand Strand beaches and local beaches of Sullivan’s Island and Folly Beach, are eroding at a rapid rate. Erosion is a natural process effected by sea level rise, storms and currents and many techniques have been used in the past to combat erosion issues that threaten to wash away beaches and homes in the process. Erosion preventative structures used in the past, such as jetties and seawalls, have proven to be even more damaging to beach erosion but

It has become common for sand dunes to be bulldozed to improve the views to the sea. However this destroys the natural protection of the coast. Human activities such as water transport also can cause problems for coastal areas. The dredging of navigation channels and the discharging of the material in deep water to enable larger ships to travel though water channels removes sediment from the coastal system leaving the area susceptible to erosion and will also interfere with longshore drift which will prevent the coastal beach landforms from being maintained such as the development of a spit. It is likely that a spit will be eroded and start to regress in conditions such as these.

Wave cut platforms are another feature of an erosional coastline. Along coastlines with cliff edges that sit about the shore these features are apparent they look like gently sloping areas of landnear the shore just above sea level. (Chambers, 2007) These benches and marine terraces are the product of wave action eroding the rock at the base of the cliff until the cliff cannot support itself on its new foundation and crumbles into the sea. Over time the collapsed land will have much of the smaller debris eroded away and much of the remaining rock or earth will be somewhat smoothed over to create a gentle slope to the water. (Chambers, 2007)

Beaches are some of the most romanticized places on the planet, for good reason; however, the encroachment of humans onto beach and coastal habitats has resulted in several negative outcomes. At Santa Monica State Beach (and adjoining pier), one of the most popular and polluted beaches in California, the impacts of urban development, industry, and other man-made problems have caused mass pollution in the surrounding environment. The effects this pollution has on the coastal wildlife, water quality, and human health are catastrophic to the ecology and natural habitat of the beach. The beach began to decline in the early twentieth century with the construction of the Santa Monica Pier in 1909 after sixteen weeks of construction that on its own resulted in many tons of concrete being poured into Santa Monica Bay (City of Santa Monica, 2015). Over the next few decades land developers, and beach goers alike contributed a toxic combination of chemicals, bacteria, and trash that has resulted in Santa Monica Bay having several dead zones (Heal the Bay, 2015), which devastate the marine life population.