Literature Review On Child Aggression

The frequency of the spankings was recorded at the age of 3. In this questionnaire, caregivers were asked if they used spanking to discipline their children for misbehavior and whether their children were spanked frequently. Child behavioral problems were recorded using six questions. The questionnaire was sent at age

Parents cite children’s aggression and failure to comply with a request as the most common reasons for hitting them. Children, endowed with wonderful flexibility and ability to learn, typically adapt to punishment faster than parents can escalate it, which helps encourage a little hitting to lead to a lot of hitting (Kazdin par 2). The negative effects on children include increased aggression and non-compliance the very misbehaviors that most often inspire parents to hit in the first place as well as poor quality of parent-child relationships (Kazdin par3). The direct experience of that momentary pause in misbehavior has a powerful effect, conditioning the parent to hit again next time to achieve the jolt of fleeing success (Kazdin par

The study consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls from the Stanford University Nursery School, ages between 3 to 6 years old. The children were split into three groups based off their aggression judgment from teachers and parents. The first set of children were shown aggression by adults, both male and female, beating up a Bobo Doll. The second set of children ascertained an adult model who exhibit no aggression and the control group was not acquaint to any model. The first set of children were placed in a room with the Bobo Doll after 10 minutes of watching the adult model. The results showed that the first set of children who watched the aggressive model showed

Children with aggression in the united states has played a big part in the world today.It has caused a great number of kids to grow up with bad habits and wrong doings. Growing up young with aggression can turn into a pattern that have been created over a long time period (Lehman1).Its first start off with simple aggressive act, then it leads to bigger problems.Also the aggression in a child can rub off his or her peers. Which also can lead to a larger group of kids growing up with the wrong set of mind. The youth is the future and knowing that most children are growing up with aggression is a very scary sight of the others. With more children growing up with aggression will cause a higher death rate and the jail count going up. Children shows different types of aggression in many ways mentally,physically,and socially.

There has been a significant amount of research on the impact of corporal punishment on children, and its effect on their behavior going into adolescence. Several studies have shown that experiencing physical discipline during childhood leads to higher acts of aggression towards others, that physical punishment leads to externalizing these aggressive behaviors (Lansford, Deater-Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 2004). By changing important variables for each study, several researchers have come to the conclusion that parent-child physical aggression has a more significant impact on externalizing behaviors if this aggression occurs during adolescence than at younger ages (Gunnoe & Mariner, 1997). Furthermore, past studies have demonstrated that the level of corporal punishment experienced as a child is directly related to the probability of using physical violence against intimate partners in the future, suggesting that this aggression could translate further than adolescence and into adulthood (Douglas & Straus, 2006; Swinford, DeMaris, Cernkovich, & Giordano, 2000).

‘Spanking children: the controversies, finding, and new directions” by Corina Benjet and Alan E. Kazdan is about spanking used as a method of discipline, and its impact on child development. According to the authors, the purpose of the article is to “propose that both methodological limitations of the research to date as well as the limited focus of the research questions have prevented a better understanding of the impact of parental spanking on child development” (Benjet & Kazdin, 2003).

While I think this study is a great start to research on spanking and aggression, the methods are far from perfect. This has an effect on the overall reliability and validity of the research and the impact of the findings.

It had to control non-spanking related factors that might affect the children’s outcomes. And, lastly, it had to have findings with statistical strength. (Perry). Making sure each criteria eliminates the past doubt many had with other meta-analysis studies on spanking. After leading the study, Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor verified that spanking has many negative effects. Such as children who have been spanked in their childhood were more likely to support physical punishment. (Holeman and Wire). Also, this study displayed a positive correlation, meaning if there is an increase in the amount of spanking then there will be an increase in the child’s likelihood of anti-social behavior, mental health issues, and aggression (Holeman and Wire). The study even indicates, spanking will only discipline the child’s behavior for a small amount of time. Gershoff observed that, when there is a “long-term” behavior acquired by the child, the behavior disappears once the physical threat has left, then the child will go back to their old behaviors (Narvaez). Another conclusion from the study was if the parent spanked their kids then the parents have a higher chance of physically abusing their children. This recent study is very beneficial to help parents understand the consequences of spanking. “We as society think of spanking and physical abuse as distinct behavior. Yet our research shows that spanking is linked with the

Moreover, a lot of evidences show that smacking does not only harm children physically, but also links to mental disorders, which it can cause long-term psychological impact on children. I believe every one of you is interested in the psychological impact of physical discipline in the absence of more severe child maltreatment (like physical abuse and emotional abuse). There is a study that looked at the link between physical punishment and mental disorders in more than 20,000 American adults aged 20 and over. Taking into account sociodemographic variables and family history of dysfunction, they found that harsh physical punishment in the absence of child maltreatment is associated with mood disorders and personality disorders in a general population sample. A US study has found that the spanking of three-year-old children by mothers was associated with an increased risk of high levels of aggression. Now the way that it stands, we can’t deceive ourselves anymore, which time and time again corporal punishment has devastated the live of young generations and caused untold suffering. And we’ve

In this study, the researchers were looking for a variable that may have been previously overlooked in determining early signs of violent behavior in infants. The idea of the experiment was to monitor pairs of infants and their vocabulary development, as well as the number of violent behaviors. 562 infants were chosen for the study. When the children are at 19 months of age, their parents were instructed to record the number of words that they had heard their children say. They were also asked to record the number of violent behaviors that they observed such as kicking, biting, stealing and bullying when interacting with others. The final results showed a “modest

Aggression can be found in children for a number of reasons. Those reasons can be because of the way they are brought up or the surroundings of their home or environment. In a study done by Lansford et. al. (2012) they examined if relational and physical aggressions in children are similar across different countries. Secondly, they addressed if there were gender differences in children’s relational and physical aggression. The nine countries they used for this study were China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and the United States. The study began with children ranging in age from 7 to 10 years old from 1,410 families in all nine countries to answer questions about their relational and physical aggression.

The main point of this study was to examine the association between the use of corporal punishment against 3-year-old children and subsequent aggressive behavior among the kids. The main question for the study is “How is a mother’s use of corporal punishment on a 3-year-old child linked to the risk for the child being more aggressive at 5-years of age, even after controlling for the child’s initial level of aggression at age 3?” The hypothesis in this case would be if a mother spanked their child due to misbehaving then the levels of aggression would increase.

Statistics indicate many aggressors at some point or another have witnessed acts of violence. During childhood, these observed behaviors can have a major impact and influence on adolescent and adult attitudes, perception of self and others. "Children become more susceptible and prone to negative and dangerous behaviors which can

In a study conducted by Mark Cummings and his colleagues, he proved that despite their age, infants are still well aware of their surroundings. In the same study Cummings proved “20- month-old toddlers showed increased amounts of aggression with their playmates after they had been exposed to anger or loud arguing between adults.” (Groves 187). This study relates back to the idea that exposure to domestic violence at a young age can greatly impact a child's way of interacting with others (187).

The authors also identify the known effects of spanking on childhood outcomes. They noted that most of the literature has been concerned with aggressive child outcomes, such as increased child stress reactivity (Bugenthal, Martorell, and Barraza, 2003). They also noted that studies are emerging on the connection between spanking and child cognitive outcomes. (Gershoff, 2010). They criticize these emerging works as suffering from a lack of "…adequate controls for the predictors of spanking, risk factors which themselves could be