So many languages, so many cultures. So many people, so many minds. One of the hardest things for humans to interpret is language, especially if the language they are interpreting is one they are not primarily familiar to the language they are interpreting. A result of this is a myriad of interpretations, each with their own individual ‘twist’ depending on the translator. This applies immensely when it comes to the ancient but timeles epic poem Beowulf. Beowulf was written in Old English by an unknown author between the centuries of 800 AD and 1000 AD. Year after year, a new translation is made by an author. Each translation is completely different, yet still the same poem. It is tedious for authors to make their translation literal to the …show more content…
Heaney gives Grendel a personality while still following the plot lines of the original epic. Heaney even gives Hrothgar, the King of Danes, character flaws. In truth, Bewoulf is awfully egotistical and focuses on himself most of the time. One of the main reasons why he defeats Grendel is for his reputation. Beowulf is also a hero in some ways, and is loyal to his kings and nobles. Grendel is a monstrosity and a killer, but has fair traits and only wants to be accepted.
Heaney also is true to the original epic; He uses modern grammar to make the syntax correct in English, as opposed to other translations, where they add unnecessary grammar to enhance their version of it. Personally , I would like to read the epic as it truly is; not a fabricated version of the text. “’For the sight I see to the Sovran Ruler be speedy thanks!” (929-930 Gumerre).Gumerre uses unnecessary vocabulary and twists words into completely different words. Looking at the same excerpt from both translations, I see that Gumerre’s translation tries too greatly to glorify almost every line of the poem. “’First and foremost, let the Almighty Father be thanked for this sight.” (927-928, Heaney) Heaney uses realistic vocabulary and literal meaning to the same excerpt. Also, Heaney’s syntax is understandable and not confusing, as opposed to Gummere’s. Syntax plays a very important role in the translation of this poem, it is imperative that it is correct so it is readable and
These two versions of the same story are told from two different perspectives, Grendel’s (the monster) and Beowulf’s (the epic hero), the story told in Beowulf’s favor insinuates that Grendel is a terrible monster with no soul, whose whole life is dedicated to killing anything and everything in his sight. However, in Grendel, we see a completely different side of Grendel that isn’t over shadowed by the hatred that the people have on Grendel. In the book, Grendel, we learn about Grendel, and how he feels about himself. We are taken on a journey through the last twelve months of Grendel’s life and what lead up to his, as some would have described it in the
From 1805 until the present there have been introduced an abundance of paraphrases, translations, adaptations, summaries, versions and illustrations of Beowulf in modern English and in foreign languages due mostly to two reasons: the desire to make the poem accessible, and the desire to read the exotic (Osborn 341). It is the purpose of this essay to present a brief history of this development of the popularity of the poem and then compare some of the translations with respect to some more difficult passages in the poem Beowulf.
Both the epic poem Beowulf and the novel Grendel depict the same storyline, but from different point of views. Grendel’s personality tends to be much more evil than he himself depicts in the novel. Since Grendel is the narrator of the novel, the audience only gets to know what the story is like from his point of view, which he stretches the truth on numerous occasions. But, in Beowulf, the poem has a narrator and is in the third person omniscient, this means the audience knows how all the characters and feeling, thinking, or saying. Also, the theme nature vs. nurture appears a lot in Grendel which means his viewpoints on certain things are either
When we read the Beowulf poem we have the figure of a strong, protective hero who has no fear of adversity. These qualities are the ones that a hero should have in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian society in medieval times. These qualities can be seen in Beowulf, main character of the literary work that bears his name. Beowulf arrives in the presence of King Hrothgar, who needs help with a monster named Grendel whom devouring men overnight in the Hall Heorot. This terrifying fact needs a hero who has the courage, the strength to fight the monster and Beowulf thinks he has all those attributes to be able to finish with Grendel. When Beowulf comes before King Hrothgar, he explains who he is. He tells about his lineage
It is more of a majestic style with gruesome descriptions. Literary devices such as alliteration, caesura, and kennings are added into the majorly important work. An example of alliteration from the poem is “Up from his swampland, sliding silently toward that gold-shining hall.” There is a repetition of the “s” sound. To include to that, an example of caesura in the poem is “Now he discovered-once the afflictor of men, tormentor of their days-what it meant to feud with the almighty God: Grendel saw that his strength was deserting him...” comes from lines 490-493. Lastly, an example of a kenning in the epic is from line 429. This line talks about a wakeful sleeper, referring to one of the sleeping Geats in Herot
The story of Beowulf is one of the oldest examples of what society views as a hero. Though the story was written in Anglo-Saxon times, the credentials one would need in order to be considered by society a hero remain the same. The Anglo-Saxons believed that a hero was strong and courageous, but humble and kind as well. They also believed that a hero was intelligent and dignified, in which he would fight until death in order to defend his people. In Beowulf and Grendel, directed by Sturla Gunnarsson, Beowulf is depicted as caring, compassionate, noble, and understanding, which makes him seem as if he had every trait of a true hero. He seems quite the opposite, however, in the story Grendel by John Gardner. The book Grendel portrays Beowulf
There is not unanimity among Beowulf translators concerning all parts of the text, but there is little divergence from a single, uniform translation of the poem. Herein are discussed some passages which translators might show disagreement about because of the lack of clarity or missing fragments of text or abundance of synonyms or ambiguous referents.
To begin, Beowulf has a complex motivation for fighting the monster Grendel. His first motivation is duty which is part of the Anglo-Saxon code he’s obligated to go and kill Grendel. His people told him so go and do it so he does duty comes first and personal choice comes second. On page 47 lines 244-246 Beowulf says, “My people have said, the wisest, most knowing And best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’ Great king.”
The story of Beowulf is a heroic epic chronicling the illustrious deeds of the great Geatish warrior Beowulf, who voyages across the seas to rid the Danes of an evil monster, Grendel, who has been wreaking havoc and terrorizing the kingdom. Beowulf is glorified for his heroic deeds of ridding the land of a fiendish monster and halting its scourge of evil while the monster is portrayed as a repugnant creature who deserves to die because of its evil actions. In the epic poem, Beowulf the authors portrays Grendel as a cold-hearted beast who thrives on the pain of others. Many have disagreed with such a simplistic and biased representation of Grendel and his role in the epic poem. John Gardner in his book, Grendel set out to change the
Beowulf is cruel and that makes him a hero- Grendel is cruel but it’s a result of his alienation with society and jealousy of society
When interpreting the ancient message behind John Greens epic poem “Beowulf” there’s always a notion that through the transition between old English and new English that a certain je ne sais quoi is lost. This could easily be true considering the modern English language has an act for turning the most poetic words into slanderous disappointments. When one examines Howell D. Chickering Jr’s translation of “Beowulf” the same is to be expected, but it’s actually the opposite. The interpreter keeps the original baselines of classic English such as the kennings, and cæsuras, but uses strong wording to create an elaborate image of the scene being described: making this translation the best. The kennings serve as a writing enhancer their ability to enrich poetry makes them key when
There is considerable debate as to whether the poem Beowulf is an epic narrative poem or an heroic elegy. Which is it. This essay intends to present both sides of the story.
The story of Beowulf is one of a great hero. Beowulf is a very generous person who is always willing to help out when people are in need. Over the course of the story, Beowulf ends up in three major battles: the battle with Grendel, with Grendel’s mother, and with the dragon. All of these battles were different in their style and the way Beowulf approached them was different. Beowulf also had different reasons to participate in each of the battles.
To begin, one of the many ways that Beowulf was different than Grendel is that Beowulf was brave. Every night Grendel snuck into Herot Hall to destroy King Hrothgar’s men. He did this while hiding in the shadows, sneaking around in the dead of night, and attacking while the men we asleep and at there most vulnerable. These are not the characteristics the brave, these are the characteristics of a foul, loathsome, cowardly beast. Mean while, Beowulf liked to meet a problem head on, in this case the problem was Grendel himself. Determined Beowulf sailed to Denmark to defeat Grendel, telling Hrothgar that he will take Grendel’s life with his bare hands. As told in the story, “ That mighty protector of men/ Meant to hold the monster till it’s life/ leaped out” (Raffel, 1963, l. 366-368). And when Beowulf got the chance to do just that, Grendel took the cowards road, “Grendel’s one thought
Another literary element that offer meaning to the poem is imagery, by simply allowing the readers to envision the events of the story. In the first part of the story (129-134), Beowulf is described as coming over “seas beating at the sand” while “the ship foamed through the sea like a bird.” This scene truly guides the readers to admire the vivid description of how proud and tough the ship looks. This ship in this case, becomes a metonymy for Beowulf himself, who is certainly proud and strong, resulting in the readers’ admiration. Additional imagery is used describing the mere, or lake, discussed above, with “storms [an] waves splash[ing] towards the sky, as dark as the air as black as the rain that the heavens weep” (440-442). This clearly illustrates how dreadful Grendel and his mothers’ home is. It intensely aids us to picture how grotesquely unpleasant the lake actually is. Near the end of the tale (lines 651-653], Beowulf “[strides] with his shield at his side and a mail shirt of his breast….. Toward the tower, under the rocky cliffs.” While Beowulf awaits the battle, the description of his armor and the details of each entry help us to respect how ready he is for his concluding battle. Even as an elderly man, Beowulf is a hero beyond compare. In closing, the use of imagery greatly enriches the readers’ experience of this heroic epic.