ES180 : Technological Science 1
Strain Gauge
Laboratory Report
By Akash Sherchan
Student I.D. #: 1124433
University of Warwick
Summary
The strain gauge laboratory session had a lot of aims and one of the main aims was to provide us with experience in using circuits based on operational amplifiers and examine the characteristics of these circuits when they amplify DC signals. Another aim was to also investigate the use and characteristics of resistive strain gauges. The overall objective was to understand the how these widely used transducers are used and how they behave. This will be done through custom pre-built electronic circuits which will then be used to amplify signals from a resistive strain gauge when weighed down with
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This supplies power to the PCB. Then, with wires, connected the output of the potentiometer to IN1, making sure that PIN 1 of the potentiometer goes to PIN 1 of IN1. The variable potentiometer lets us set a specific input voltage to the non-inverting amplifier. 1.3 After assembling the circuit we switched the power on. We then joined the Digital Volt Meter (DVM) so that it will measure the input voltage Vi and adjust the input to about 0.5V. Using a second DVM as shown in figure 3 we could measure the output voltage V0. We repeated the procedure to find the maximum negative output voltage and the minimum input voltage needed to achieve this. 1.4 We took a total of 10 readings within the range of input voltages and plotted a graph.
2) Inverting Amplifier
Gain = V0 / Vi = -R4 / R3
Gain = V0 / Vi = -R4 / R3
2.1 Again we had to set up an Operational-amplifier, this time an inverting op-amp using figure 6. We were again told to use resistors to make a gain of about 15, but R3 had to be higher than 150 kΩ. I used 330 kΩ for R3 and 4.7 MΩ for R4. The predicted gain was 14.24 using the equation:
2.2 Next we constructed the circuit putting the resistors inFigure 5
Figure 5 to place in the Inverting amplifier part of the test board. Similar to before we connected the variable potentiometer to the inverting amplifier inputs (IN2).
2.3 Like before we measured the range of the output and input voltages
(a) Based on your observations, what would you expect the voltage read if you touched the DMM across both R1 and R2?
Purpose: To learn about the international system of units (SI), to become familiar with common lab equipment and techniques, to gain proficiency in determining volume, mass, length, and temperature of a variety of items using common laboratory measurement devices, to learn to combine units to determine density and concentration, and to use laboratory equipment to create serial dilutions and determine the density and concentration of each dilution.
Table 1: This table shows the position that the solution was at inside the graduated tube it was held in at each time interval it was measured.
When the pH is not at its optimum, the differing pH's will disrupt the bonding between the R groups of the amino acid causing its structure and the shape of the activation site to change
8.When the reaction is completed, record the volume of gas in the graduated cylinder. Record observations about which reactant was the limiting reactant.
Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
3) In the lower left of the screen is a meter for indicating electric potential, in volts, created by the charge that you introduced. Record the voltage and turn on “Plot”.
Abstract: This experiment introduced the student to lab techniques and measurements. It started with measuring length. An example of this would be the length of a nickel, which is 2cm. The next part of the experiment was measuring temperature. I found that water boils around 95ºC at 6600ft. Ice also has a significant effect on the temperature of water from the tap. Ice dropped the temperature about 15ºC. Volumetric measurements were the basis of the 3rd part of the experiment. It was displayed during this experiment that a pipet holds about 4mL and that there are approximately 27 drops/mL from a short stem pipet. Part 4 introduced the student to measuring
Purpose: To become familiar with the International System of Units and common laboratory equipment and techniques. To learn how to determine volume, mass, length, and temperature of a wide variety of items. To learn how to calculate density and concentration of dilutions.
The purpose of this lab was for the student to get involved with his or hers new lab kit as well as being able to know, identify and use each other tools provided in the kit. Another key learning aspect of this lab is to teach the student how to measure properly the many units in the SI system. I will be using laboratory dilutions, measurements, and weights to then calculate using algebraic formula.
mL cylinder to the beaker on the stir plate and empty it into the beaker. Place the pH probe in the beaker and record the pH in the data table. Drag the beaker to the red disposal bucket. Double-click the bottle of NaHCO3 to move it to the Stockroom counter. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for KNO3.
Table 2. Correlations and meaningfulness between the sit-and-reach and modified sit-and-reach and all other flexibility variables
In this experiment we learned Newton's Law. Newton's first law stated an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion keeps moving with a constant velocity until/unless a net external force. Newton's second law stated a equation F ⃗=ma ⃗ and the third law stated for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. We have also learned steps such as, draw free body diagram with labels, write Newton's equations and solve the equation in order to find the result. The purpose of this experiment is to study the relationship between force and acceleration using a linear track and the Atwood's machine. Hypothesis in this experiment is to see if this equation F ⃗=ma ⃗ is correct because when deriving the equation to find
Following tables and graphs show the result of the experiment. The tables will demonstrate the experimental and theoretical deflection for each case. The graphs will show the relationship between the load applied and deflection, in addition to compare the experimental deflection and theoretical deflection.
For a thin circular plate, stress and strain usually occur in a two-dimensional state. As it is difficult to measure stress, strains are instead measured in real-life practices and its corresponding stress values are calculated. The most popular measuring tool for strain is the strain gauge. Since strain is the measure of change in displacement over the original dimension of a structure, the measuring tool must be sensitive enough to detect that small change in displacement. Thus, we can learn how to handle sensitive measuring equipment and ways to ensure that the data collected is as accurate as possible and also to omit any errors that will affect the final calculation. Besides that, we can broaden our knowledge on multi-channel strain measurements because in reality two-dimensional strains are not