Lab Report Essay

In site one there was a high proportion of very unspherical rocks. According to this the hypothesis is right, in site two there is a lot more smother rocks medium sized and in site 3 there are very small pebbles which are very smooth and spherical. The pebbles get smoother and rounder while it goes downstream. Due to us only taking about 10 rocks our result may have been not right as there were some pebbles which were largely over sized. Most of the other load is dissolved by solution such as limestone and chalk

The number of electrons forming a charge cloud around the nucleus is (pick one of the following) greater than; equal to; smaller than the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

Paragraph 1 - How the Law of Conservation of Matter is supported by the experimental demonstrations: In the law of conservation particles and materials are neither created nor destroyed . It was similar towards the experimental demonstrations because nothing changed or destroyed in the processes .Kinetic and potential energy was used in the experiments.

Preparation is a key to success in this lab. For this reason, you are required to thoroughly read through the experiment information presented in the lab manual, and complete a pre-lab for each experiment you do. The prelab must be completed prior to the day of the experiment. Each Friday I will ask to see your completed prelab before I allow you to enter the lab. If you have not finished the pre-lab, I will not allow you to enter the lab and you will receive a zero.

Hydraulic fracturing is also known as “fracking” is a technique which involves drilling down, then horizontally as far as 10,000 feet below the surface to release natural gasses stored in the sedimentary rock known as Shale. The channel is then encased with concrete or occasionally steel to allow millions of gallons of water to be injected into the wellbore. Most water used in fracking comes from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes, or other accessible bodies of water nearby. Not only is there water being funneled into the wellbore, but also a mixture of sand and other chemicals. When the high-pressure mixture is injected underground it fractures the Shale around the wellbore and creates fissures. The fissures are then held open with

3.1. Mass balance of the two-step hydrodeoxygenation products The yields of the pretreated, and hydrodeoxygenative products obtained from the 1st, and 2nd reaction with Amberlyst 36 wet, and Pt/C, respectively, based on the weight of the bio-oil, are shown in Table 1.The yield of each product revealed that the composition of HDO products was affected considerably by the pretreated temperature. In the pretreatment step, 94.8-97.0 wt% of reactant was recovered. The amount of by-product (gas, and char) yielded similar amount at 50-100°C, while the yield of gas, and char increased to 4.0, and 1.2 wt%, respectively, when the bio-oil pretreated at 150°C.

from shale must be understood. First, there is a 2 directional, single pipeline. The vertical drilling

The materials that were used were 1 100 mL graduated cylinder, 1 Bunsen burner, 1 flint lighter, 1 weight boat, 1 rubber stopper with one hole opening, 3 30 mL test tubes, 1 30 cm rubber tubing, 1 tub, 2 retort stand, 2 utility clamp, 1 scoopula, 1 electronic balance, 1 test tube rack, 9 g of baking soda, 1 test tube brush and finally a timer. Prior to the start of the experiment, it was ensured that all materials were clean, functional and not contaminated or cracked for one’s safety and efficiency of the experiment. Furthermore, the procedure that was taken, with regards to getting the best results was 1. Wore safety glasses to avoid any splashes of chemicals, observed and recorded qualitative data of baking soda.

groups. It was conducted to further the research in choice overload and paralysis of the mind.

This will show if there is a major difference between different bedding with how strong the shale is, or, in other words, how eroded it. The pressures that were used during this experiment were 2.5 to 85 MPa, and at strain rates of 3 x 10-7 s-1 to 3 x 10-5 s-1. All these are saying is that there was a variation of pressions and compressions that were put on the shales in order to find when they begin to give and break apart or deform. Another major part of the experiment was that P and S wave elastic velocities were continuously measured with the different orientations with the respect of the bedding and what the maximum compression stress the shale could handle, this is the triaxial portion of the experiment I explained earlier. The reason that the scientists implemented the measurement of the P and S elastic velocities is because it allowed them to really pinpoint the presence of the plastic mechanisms, like mineral reorientation during the deformation of shale. This idea highlighted the fact that some shale has changed (reoriented) and this makes it

This organization is opposed to not allowing wells to reach a depth of 600 meters or greater unless a risk assessment has been conducted and a special permit has been obtained (Gagnon, 2016). A risk assessment usually includes; advanced and adjourned hydraulic samples of well water, a fracturing plan, a design, an estimate of fracture proliferation, specific depth and the cement integrity (Gagnon, 2016). During drilling, non-toxic drilling fluids and non-saline water must be used until all porous strata that are less than 600 meters have been isolated (Gagnon, 2016). Surface casing requirements state that casing is obligated to underneath the porous strata or must be cemented entirely to the surface (Gagnon, 2016). The BCOGC must ensure that wells are within 100 meters of the natural embankment of water or from an uncontrolled flow (streams that dry up or naturally move over time) could reach (Gagnon, 2016). During drilling, examination of groundwater or surface water is by no means required and water testing is only required if requested by the property-owners (Gagnon,

When Kate and I showed up to set up our new classroom before the new school year, and we discover the people before left a group of chemicals unlabelled. So to not waste supplies, we as experienced chemists must determine their identities so we can use them. My partner, Kate and I must identify a set of unknown chemicals with the knowledge we acquire by testing a set of known solutions and seeing if they form precipitation reactions, if yes what color do they turn. We will known if combining the solutions creates a reaction if one of the products is in a solid state. To determine the identities, we must conduct an experiment.

Reservoir Simulation is a significant exercise for decision making and field development planning. An important step of reservoir modeling is to address the uncertainty in geological properties of reservoir rocks. Geological properties such as porosity, permeability and saturations are obtained using different kinds of well logs measured during drilling and exploration phase. Due to the noisy and sparse nature of well logs, core samples, and seismic data, uncertainty becomes an intrinsic characteristic of any geological model. History matching is generally used to solve this problem and to estimate the spatially varying reservoir properties. History matching is a process of adjusting model parameters to obtain a model output similar to historical/dynamic

Generally, shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock created from silt and clay-size mineral particles with properties to substance we commonly call “mud”. In geological term, shale is categorized as one of the mudstones. Properties of shale is rather distinguishing as it is made up of many thin layers which readily splits into thin pieces of layers. Shale can be used for numerous application based on the substance which exist in the shale formation. Most shale can be crushed and mixed with water to create clays for molding into object or bricks for houses. Some shale can even create cement by combining with limestone. For this paper, we only focus on one specific shale category which is oil shale.

Shale reservoir would rarely contain a pure hydrocarbon fluid. Sometimes the fluid type dry gas may have two or three components accounting for more than 99% of the composition. In some cases, the liquid fluid may contain more than 40 components. There is a large transition zone between the dry gas and the liquid areas. In this