Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the administration of justice in modern day Nicaragua. The primary goal is to furnish the reader with an uncomplicated idea about this country’s method of administering justice. In particular, it’s legal history, legal tradition, and legal system guiding the police and court system. As such, the reader should develop a basic idea of Nicaragua’s justice system compare to the United States of America.
Historical, Political, and Cultural Background
La Republica de Nicaragua (the Republic of Nicaragua) is located between the Caribbean Sea to the east, Pacific Ocean to the west with Honduras to the north and Costa Rica in the south. The country is named after Nicarao, who was once the chief of an indigenous tribe which existed during the late 1400s and early 1500s. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821, and later became an independent republic in 1838. (see www.infoplease.org, 2007, para. 1). The capital city is Managua, citizens are eligible to vote at age 16, and the primary language is Spanish. Mr. Daniel Ortega Saavedra is the current President.
Since its discovery, Nicaragua has been ravaged by revolution, guerrilla warfare, U.S. government and military occupation, insurrection of the Sandinista’s led by Augusto Cesar Sandino, government
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The indigenous and non-indigenous people share what is known as collective rights in accordance with the Political Constitution. Specifically, the Nicaraguan government may be considered a constitutional-republic government of which there are four branches: Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, Judicial Branch and an Electoral Branch. Moreover, Nicaragua defines itself as an independent, free, sovereign, unitary and indivisible State (Political Constitution of Nicaragua, Art. 6,
Nicaragua is very unique in many different ways! It’s located near the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Honduras and Costa Rica border this country. “Nicaragua’s land of beaches is lapped by sparkling seawater, deep forests, long winding rivers, colonial cities, ancient sites thousands of years old, and a huge freshwater lake- the only lake in the world with sharks in it” (Shields 9). This country includes beautiful landscapes, mild climate, republic form of government, low finances, distinctive culture, and many interesting facts.
Nicaragua is a city in Central America. Just like every other city in the world, Nicaragua has the five themes of geography. The five themes of geography are location, place, human environment interaction, movement and region. With that being said, let’s get right into it!
When Stephen Kinzer comes to Nicaragua for the first time, he knows very little about the people or culture; everything from the burning sun to the earthquakes to the impending revolution surprises him. However, he is not the only one who seems to be unaware of the increasing tension that is mounting between the Somoza regime and the Sandinistas; even important figures, such as Colonel Laszlo Pataky, try to minimize the danger. Only Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, an anti-Somoza newspaper owner, admits that war is on the horizon. And before Kinzer leaves, he makes an exasperated statement about the relationship between the United States and Nicaragua: “The United States is the great, overwhelming factor in our national life and you don’t even know we exist!”
Thus, the Sandinista conception of democracy, which was never fully articulated prior to the 1979 Revolution, failed to meet expectations both within and outside of Nicaragua. Yet it would be unfair to call the democratization process in Nicaragua a complete failure. After pressure from foreign aid and from within the country, the Sandinistas held an election, which they won, in 1985. The creation of farmer and worker unions and organizations for students and women allowed people who had been denied the means of expressing themselves under Somoza an avenue by which Nicaraguans could lobby the government.
Though one must question why was the Nicaraguan President Jose Zelaya overthrown? Was it personal interests again as it was in Hawaii or was it protecting the Nicaraguan citizens? As saw before in Hawaii, it
Nicaragua is surrounded by its beautiful nature including its incredible history. The name ‘Nicaragua’ came from a chief named Nicarao. He was chief to a digenous tribe that settled in Lake Nicaragua around late 1400’s and early 1500’s. In 1524 Hernandez de Cordoda was the first Spanish settler to live in the region of Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon Managua. Nicaragua gained its independents from Spain in 1821, making the country part of the Mexican Empire and becoming a member of independent Central American. Nicaragua became an independent republic.
One provoking example was taken in Nicaragua in 1978: a young women escaping and barely able to hold a little naked boy while carrying a heavy bag- the caption says “Fleeing the bombing to seek refuge outside of Esteli, Nicaragua, Sep. 20, 1978”. Please see figure 3. In addition to many other provoking examples of similar nature; hopeless people, who don’t need a lens following them in that critical and most difficult time of their
The history between the U.S. and Nicaragua has always been aimed at making sure there politically ideologies remain in line with our own. With the spread of communism, the U.S. had been involved in Nicaragua since 1912. The U.S. has acted as Big Brother and used military force when pro U.S. leaders were facing rebellion. Unfortunately in 1936 when the U.S. began training the Nicaraguan National Guard, there was a forceful takeover by a man named Somoza Garcia. The era of rule under the leadership and guidance of Garcia lasted for 43 years until a group known as the “FSLN” which stands for the Sandinista National Liberation Front was created which was essentially anti Somoza Garcia. The FSLN was a communist group which wanted to make Nicaragua a socialist state. Ultimately the group took control of the country and committed numerous human rights violations and also stole foreign aid for themselves. So with this takeover began a very rocky and difficult relationship with the U.S.
The Civil War in Nicaragua was one of the defining events from the 1980s, and it also happened to be a defining event in my personal life and that of my family. The argument in question was over the nature of the revolution in Nicaragua, and the political motivations of the Sandinistas. I said that the situation in my home country is not as black-and-white as it has been presented in the media. I believe the situation that gave rise to this argument is rooted in a lack of accurate media coverage. Because I am from a Nicaraguan background, but also have one American parent, I can present a unique perspective that illuminates both sides of the argument to show that neither the Sandinistas nor the Americans had the best interests of Nicaragua at heart.
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Barash’s model clearly explains the U.S State sponsored terrorism in Nicaragua in many ways. The U.S sponsoring terrorism had 4 characteristics that mostly all types of organizations have. These characteristics are having an accelerator cause, trigger events, a structural cause, and a concussive culture. We will clearly see that many events that occurred during the 1970-1990, many of these events are governments being thrown over, while the U.S sponsoring dictatorship governments. During the leadership of Anastasio Somoza Garcia was in power for 43 years. Many people were very unhappy with their government. Mostly everything in Nicaragua was owned by the Somoza dictatorship from the roads, to the buildings, to even the water supply used for
The second half of the twentieth century was a time of revolution in Latin America and Nicaragua was a country that was forever changed by that time period. The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), also known as the Sandinistas, were an insurgency that was started by three college students who sought to overthrow a dictator and establish a Marxist style of government in the small central American country of Nicaragua. They learned from their defeats and learned how to be self-sufficient so that they could fight a long, protracted war. They were successful in their efforts and after eighteen years of conflict they overthrew a dictatorship and established a new government in their country.
The current president of Nicaragua is Daniel Ortega (The World Factbook). Nicaragua has a government in which the people elect a president and vice president. Each serves for five years. The president selects a Cabinet that carries out everyday functions. The laws of Nicaragua are made by the National Assembly. The National Assembly is made up of 90 people who are elected, and they also serve five-year terms. Nicaragua
This difficult life condition helps support Bjergo & Barash Causal Model since it is a structural cause. Another huge issue was the change in government. Nicaragua was controlled by a dictator named Anastasio Somoza Garcia took control after he was elected due to the 44 year old form of government in 1937. He was then succeeded by his son in 1956 after his father was assassinated Luis Somoza Debayle. Everyone in Nicaragua was then accustomed to dictators, in which Luis Somoza oppressed people and committed injustices using his national guard. The National Guard was used to oppress people who tried to overthrow him. Afterwards, the Contras did not like the Sandanistas economic policies so they formed their own military groups called the Contras
The political activism of the Church in Nicaragua was through collaboration with the Sandinistas. Students from the Revolutionary Christian Movement participated in the Sandinistas movement as soldiers and the clerical base leaders joined the movement as well as they collaborated with Sandinistas to end the struggles of the Nicaraguan