The key human life processes include;
- Nutrition
- Growth
- Movement
- Respiration
- Reproduction
- Excretion
- Sensitivity
All these processes are needed for human life to survive, thrive and continue the human race. Nutrition can be in different forms, animals (humans) get their nutrition through food, physically eating, including carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. Plants have a different kind of way they get their nutrition, through photosynthesis, getting their energy from the sun and other nutrients through the soil.
Growth happens to all living things. Something of the body can grow pretty much for a one’s whole lifetime, like nails and hair. Size of hands, head, organs and limbs stop growing after puberty,
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Levels such as; temperature, carbon dioxide, fluid balance, pH, sodium, potassium, calcium and blood sugar. Homeostasis is required for the body, internal and external, to be in the best condition it can be. The control systems maintain homeostasis as they identify abnormal levels and fix them. The control system has three parts, the detector, control centre and the effector. The detector identifies the levels, which are sent to the control centre. The control centre then determines whether they are in the normal or abnormal range and if not, the effector does what it can to put the level back in the normal range (BBC …show more content…
The plasma is clear, watery and yellow coloured and has a number of substances suspended or dissolved within it. These include; nutrients, some oxygen, waste materials (which then gets removed in the excretion process). The blood cells are made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The blood delivers all the cells what they need to function.
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, look like discs which have an indent in the middle, they have no nucleus and this helps with them to get through the small blood vessels and capillaries. Their diameter is about 7µm and they make up 99% of the blood cells. Red blood cells contains haemoglobin (this is what oxygen molecules attach to). Their major function is gas transport, to supply the cells with oxygen and carry the carbon dioxide away from the cells to get it out of the body.
White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, are a major component of the immune system. These leukocytes identify foreign/unusual substances such as viruses and unhealthy bacteria and destroy it. Even though white blood cells are the larger cell of these blood cells (as they are the only blood cell which have a nucleus), they only make up 1% of the
Red and white blood cells are the two types of blood cells in the human body. Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body which is transferred through the bloodstream. It moves oxygen into the body and then removes it. They are absorbed through its haemoglobin.
Conditions in the body have to be controlled with narrow limits. This is called homeostasis. These conditions include water content, ion content, body temperature and blood glucose concentration.
Ed’s blood contains white blood cells, which combat infection and inflammation. Foreign invaders attract phagocytic neutrophils and macrophages by means of chemotaxis. These particular cells eat and dispose of pathogens in a process called phagocytosis.
The blood contains the oxygen, platelets, nutrients, red and white blood cells, hormones which are all important materials for metabolism.
Blood is a bodily fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells within the body. Blood has plasma that lets the different types of blood travel round the body. Plasma contains proteins that have different functions for the blood- clotting, transporting and defence organisms and osmotic organisations. The plasma carries the red blood cell which has a elastic membrane so it can fit through the small capillaries within the body. Red blood cells can be also known as erythrocytes they don’t have a nucleus when they are matured which gives a bigger space for oxygen, although as there is no nuclei the red blood cells can’t divide so they only live for around 120 days. Red blood cells gain their colour from haemoglobin, oxygenated blood which is known as arterial blood which flows through the arteries coming from the heart and
Blood is made up of straw coloured plasma, the matrix, in which various types of blood are carried. Plasma is mainly water where substances are carried such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, salts, enzymes and hormones. Also there is a combination of important proteins which help with blood clotting, transport,
Blood is a red fluid that contains a complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix which is transported (circulated) throughout the body by the circulatory system of an organism. It circulates around the body by the heart and delivers oxygen and other important nutrients to cells of organs and tissues, while at the same time, removing waste product from our body. Blood is located in almost every part of our body, which is due to the network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. It is circulated through the body’s heart, arteries, veins and capillaries (tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins). In order for blood to carry out its functions, it needs to circulate all over our body to all living cells and tissues which it does through the support of the heart that pumps blood throughout our entire body). Thus, it is the fluid of life, a vital life force that all humans need in order to live and sustain life.
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, which are an important part of the immune system. Lymphocytes can defend the body against infection because they can distinguish the body’s own cells from foreign ones. Once they recognize foreign material in the body, they produce chemicals to destroy that material. Two types of lymphocyte are produced in the bone marrow before birth.
The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.
Blood has many functions and is a complex structure of cells and fluid. It helps fight bacteria, protect the body from infection, carry valuable sources of minerals and nutrients around the body, dispose of waste materials, keeps the body temperature regulated and helps with glandular distribution of hormones and enzymes.
Plasma is made up of ninety one percent water. It acts as a solvent for multiple proteins for example electrolytes, nutrients, gases and other protein. It is made up of two categories the solid plasma and regular plasma. Solid plasma includes red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Regular plasma is a pale watery solution that suspends all other parts of the blood.
15. Formed elements, meaning the red and white blood cells and the platelets, make up about 45% of the blood and the plasma portion of the blood makes up about 55%.
These cells' cytoplasm is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the blood's red color.
Homeostasis Homeostasis works to maintain the organism's internal environment, where the body's processes are able to function at a level that would allow life to continue in that organism. The three systems which are controlled by homeostasis are the respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems. Changes to the cardiovascular system are often a result of changes in the activities of other systems.