Today, Kazakhstan is one of the largest states in Central Asia boasting with developed economy and a stable political situation. Twenty years of independence allowed Kazakhs to evaluate and perceive their own history and themselves in a different light.
Abatement of the main signs of national identity - traditional mode of life resulted in deterioration of culture and language, which inflicted severe damages to cultural memory. The first a half of the XX century was marked for Kazakhstan by the difficult, erratic events which lead to almost irreversible consequences for the Kazakh’s cultural identity: collectivisation, Famine-Genocide, mass political repressions. Destruction of ethnic consciousness at the most different levels resulted in loss of national nomadic space, deaths of thousands of Kazakhs – bearers of traditions and calculated destruction of intellectual elite by government. Despite all efforts, the subsequent three generations of Kazakhs were not able to completely heal the scar left more than seventy years ago.
How to overcome this traumatic "experience"? What it steps should be taken right now to find the most reasonable way to create new identity, without destroying and without denying own history? And what role should be assigned to culture? We will try to find answers to these questions in this article. Authors do not aim to criticise existing historical events or to try to make the adjustments in the historical chronicle. The basis of this article is a
Seven billion people, seven billion different faces, seven billion unique characters, and most importantly, seven billion significant identities. Trauma, is a deeply distressing or disturbing experience, everyone experience trauma in their life, from breaking their bones to surviving a Nazi concentration camp. Identities are changed during these experiences, negative or positive, one’s identity can be described as your personality and who you are. Everyone’s identity changed during their life from different events that occur in their life. Elie Wiesel’s memoir ‘Night’ and his famous Nobel Prize acceptance speech are two of the most moving and touching examples of how horrible traumatic experiences can be. Traumatic experience is far worse than you think it is, and the changes of one’s identity is bigger than anyone could imagine. Traumatic experiences affect one’s
The Jewish identity is reintegrated among the monuments through Hebrew inscriptions, the Star of David, and ritual practices (Appendix B, Figure 3). Eva Reimers (1999), interprets that a collective group identity is based on the idea of common historical origin (p. 148). This idea is important when analyzing the role of identity in the process of mourning Holocaust survivors. It illustrates that the formation of identity is founded on historical events. Therefore, the Holocaust serves as a historical event, which reinforced the importance of Jewish identity to the Jewish community. The practices of collectively mourning Holocaust survivors serves as an extension over the generations, which reduce the threat death poses to reduction of Jewish identity (Reimers, 1999, p.148). Furthermore, remembering the victims of the Holocaust creates a collective
Forming the bond with the traditions plays a vital role in the process of identity formation. In The Namesake,
Over the last few decades, ever since the televisions and computers were invented, self ethnic identities have been influenced because of the progress in technology, which we commonly known as media, and whether the globe benefits from this approach or not has become a controversial issue amongst most of the people in the world. As what survey shows that a dominant group of peoples who tend to believe that identities were being ruined by spreading through mass-media which is the most inappropriate approach ever made because of it’s extremely destructive effects. For instance, one of my friends ignited the other’s hair
The famine too was an assault on Ukraine’s rising nationalism, which threatened to remove the country from Soviet influence and thus undermine the Party as Stalin saw it. Thus, in those few months during which millions died, not only was the traditional Ukrainian village effectively destroyed, but much of Ukraine’s political and cultural elite were purged. Moreover, Russian settlers were brought in to repopulate the *devastated countryside, altering the country’s ethnic makeup. Take together, these factors severely retarded the country’s nation-building and nationalist ambitions, and it would not be until 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union that the country would achieve independence. In this paper I will describe the events which led up to the famine, the famine itself, the subsequent Russification of Ukraine, the extent of Stalin’s knowledge and intentions toward Ukraine, explanations for the famine including the role of ideology and the importance of individual personalities, outside reactions from foreign nations and journalists, and the famine’s lasting impact.
From a century to another and from regime to regime Russians have been accused of empire-building and imperialism. It is not always without a reason, since the Tsarist Russian Empire was clearly and undeniably imperialistic. (Beissinger 1995) However, the case of Soviet Union and especially their rule over Central Asia is more ambiguous and unique. It is highly disputable whether Soviet actions were actions of state-building or actions of empire-building. In this essay I examine Soviet rule in Central Asia in order to find out if it was imperialistic, and if so, to what extent. I argue that there are several facts that support the idea of Soviet imperialism in Central Asia and therefore it is correct to define it as imperialistic. Yet at the same time there are several facts that demonstrate how Soviet Union was very different from earlier Western Empires such as the British Empire. Some evidence even makes Soviet actions to be seen as actions of state-building. Therefore it is to be noticed, that the Soviet Union was not entirely imperialistic and when it was, it was imperialistic in a very unique way.
For centuries throughout their cultural history, the Armenian people have been maltreated; however in this essay, I’ll focus solely on the period from 1850-1915, which is just before the occurrence of the Armenian genocide. The historic Armenian homelands were controlled by two empires called the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire. The Ottoman Empire which controlled Western Armenia, was home of the Turkish people, whereas the Russian Empire which controlled Eastern Armenia was ruled by the Russians. As a result, the Western portion of Armenia was divided into six vilayets called Van, Bitlis, Diyarbakir, Kharpert, Sivas, and Erzurum, while the remnants of Eastern Armenia was divided into Kars and Yerevan. In account of the factors that led to this disheartening division of the Armenians’ fatherland, expatriatism emerged and can be personified through Armenian works of art such as that of Vahan Tekeyan and Hovanness Toumanian’s writings.
After the last war, in 1994-96,Chechnya was devastated and eventually turned into a chaotic uncontrollable place. Its economy declined rapidly, and poverty in the nation increased. Crimes occurred everywhere, and hostage -taking became a famous business for some criminal gangs. Within this overall framework of decay, there have been three main factors that led to the present conflict between Russia and Chechnya.
Perhaps, in one or the other, we all have experiences that we have gone through and they completely altered our lives. Evidently, we all have some unforgettable experiences, with some having the best and others have the worst kind of experiences. History is documented through the narration of testimonies by the victims of the experiences. Over the years, there is a lot that has happened in the world and all the occasions, there were people who were left to tell the stories. The holocaust is one of the worst events in the world that people had to endure; millions of people were killed in cold blood but there were survivors who lived to tell the story. Through their testimonies, we all get to know and connect with their experiences.
Countries in Central Asia continue to struggle for political, economic and social stability. Many were
The representation of human consciousness and psyche is a rather problematic endeavour. Furthermore, the effects of traumatic events affect the memory of an individual and define the rest of his existence. The nuanced mindscapes and intricate memories have made a deep impact on the realm of literary theory to formulate an appropriate theoretical framework including both psychoanalysis and literature. Trauma theory is a contemporary innovation which analyses the deepest reflections of personal, historical, sexual and collective traumas of a community. The Very representation of trauma is ambiguous as it continuously question the credibility of a mind affected by trauma. In addition to this, the problem and politics associated with representation
The authors accomplished this goal. They explored both individual and group identity through a plethora of means. They interwove bioarchaeological data with historical and ethnographic data along with other sources of datum and used them in interpreting human remains and the artifacts they were buried with to determine an individual’s identity and also if and to what extent a community’s identity had changed over time. While they cannot determinately state what a person’s or community’s identity truly was, they are able to offer insight into some aspects of life at these places during these time
In the year of 2000, a horrific event occurred that caused many Palestinians to be displaced from their homes and the dislocation and breakage of several Palestinian families, in what known as the Intifada or “war uprising”. Ever since that terrifying event flourished in the media it has affected me, socially and psychologically. The entire media experience, surprisingly at first, caused me to feel as if my identity means nothing and I have even reached a point where questioning my identity became so nonchalant. From every switch between one channel to the other, the only thing that I would hear was, “the
Its basin, sprawling across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia, contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic. The Volga’s immense economic, cultural, and historic importance—along with the sheer size of the river and its basin—ranks it among the world’s great rivers.”
Russia (Listeni/ˈrʌʃə/; Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation[11] (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia.[12] It is a federal semi-presidential republic. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world 's