The Woman in Furs: An Analysis of Kafka’s Most Influential Symbol in the Metamorphosis
Symbolism is a literary technique that many authors use to give deeper meaning to their work and allow it to resonate more with the readers. In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka used symbolism extensively, so much so that it is one of the novella’s most notable characteristics. One of Kafka’s most significant symbols in this work is the photograph of the woman in furs. Kafka describes her significance to Gregor and also her physical appearance. Both of these aspects show different facets of Gregor and his family, namely Gregor’s human tendencies, sexual desires, and the Samsa family’s desire for wealth. In his novella The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka uses
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It showed a lady done up in a fur hat and boa, sitting upright and raising up against the viewer a heavy fur muff in which her whole forearm had disappeared” (Kafka 3). By mentioning this picture so early in the novella, Kafka foreshadows its importance. Later in the novella, Kafka uses Grete and her mother to remove all the furniture from Gregor’s room but leaves “the picture of the lady all dressed in furs… which gave a good surface to stick to and soothed his hot belly” (Kafka 35). Kafka utilizes the way Gregor desperately clings to the photograph to symbolize the way Gregor initially wished to return to his mundane life. Kafka also demonstrates this idea by writing, “He [Gregor] squatted on the picture and would not give it up” (Kafka 36). Kafka wanted to show that Gregor tries his best to remain human for as long as possible and fights fiercely to maintain the shred of humanity that still remains inside him. The only reason Gregor can force himself to leave the picture’s surface is because Kafka wished for the reader to know that Gregor’s concern for his sister is more intense than his …show more content…
Firstly, the woman was pictured glamorously in a magazine; she must have been rather lovely. Also, Kafka had Gregor choose to tear out that specific page, signifying that he found it aesthetically pleasing in some fashion. Gregor is attracted to the model mentally; Kafka made him choose to save that specific photograph and refer to it soon after his transformation into a vermin. Kafka also defines Gregor’s physical attraction to the picture. For example, Gregor clung to the cool glass surface while Grete and his mother were removing all the furniture from his room. The chill surface was physically pleasing and the woman portrayed comforted his mind. Gregor’s physical and psychological attraction to the woman in the photograph allowed Kafka to show another facet of Gregor’s humanity: his sexuality. Sexual desire and attraction is something that nearly all humans share and it is often considered to be one of the fundamental aspects of human nature. As Kafka decreases Gregor’s hope of becoming human again, thereby cementing his future as a vermin, he also removes the photograph of the woman in furs from the story. When Kafka shifts Gregor’s concerns to whether or not he will eat and other life-changing decisions, the secondary concern of sex becomes much less of a comfort and priority; it is removed from the focus
Imperialism was one of the four contributing factors to the cause of World War One, along with secret alliances, militarism, and nationalism. It is the most important cause of WW1, because it created a build-up of tension in Europe and outside of Europe, and through imperialism, the three other causes were able to affect the beginnings of the war. Imperialism is defined as the governing of one people by another country, which was a recurring dilemma prior to WW1 due to the industrialist movement. Although not all events that fall into the imperialistic category were about controlling another country, they contributed to the war, and imperialistic events were the foundation of the cause of WW1.
Gregor’s role in his family characterizes him as an altruistic individual whose nature made him ignorant to his family’s manipulation. Gregor endures most of his hardships without complaint and puts the needs of his family firmly above his own. Upon realizing his transformation at the beginning of the novella, his first thoughts were not of alarm but of great concern about being late to work because it is his only means of taking care of his family (Kafka 6). After his father’s business failed, Gregor “work[ed] with special ardor” (27) doing laborious work as a traveling salesman, not only to “pay off [his] parents’ debt”(4), but to also spend what little money he has to give Grete the opportunity to perform violin professionally (26). With all these responsibilities, it’s inevitable for Gregor to be under great stress, which can infer that Gregor’s transformation is a result of his willful desire to escape the pressures his overburdened life. Gregor struggled between remaining a steadfast provider or following his desire for independence, however, his metamorphosis freed him from a job he detests. Now that it is impossible for Gregor to work, Mr.Samsa reveals that “he possessed more money than Gregor knew about” (#). This is a significant event where Kafka uses the motif of betrayal to emphasize the corruption in familial infrastructure represented through Gregor’s sacrifice and interaction with his family, as well as to socially comment about how people in society use
In the beginning of the novella, Gregor undergoes a transformation. Many readers view his transformation as he turns into a bug because of the way Kafka describes Gregor. Kafka may have been undergoing a transformation of his own. Kafka dealt with many issues growing up such as self doubt, issues with his father, and eventually, health issues. Like Kafka, Gregor deals with issues with his father and within himself and begins to feel less and less like himself as the novella continues. He awakes from his sleep to ask himself, “What’s happened to me (Kafka, 3)?” With the conflicts Gregor has with his family, especially his father, he begins to feel unwanted and unappreciated. Gregor also feels that he is becoming less sensitive when that used to be one of his main traits as a human (Kafka, 24). Seeing that Gregor is losing his sensitivity, that shows that he is truly losing himself since he is losing one of his main traits. Feeling less like himself, Gregor becomes more distant with his close
During the course of Kafka’s novella, The Metamorphosis, we see in Gregor Samsa a man who fears the concept of intimacy—most notably with members of the opposite sex. It is important for us to contrast the commonly accepted definition of intimacy against that of Gregor’s. The popular definition deals with the mark of a close association between two parties, may it consist of a physical or emotional connection. Gregor’s definition seems to be a polar opposite to the conventional one; or more simply, he feels the closest connection to the women he can maintain a sizable distance from. We come to a better understanding of Gregor’s
Grete undergoes a change in perspective to such a degree that by the end of the novella it is she who declares, “we must get rid of it” (84). This change in perspective shows how Kafka believes that members of society often stop sympathizing with the isolated group when it becomes inconvenient for them to continue doing so. Gregor’s mother reacts in an initial manner somewhere between the father and sister since when first seeing him she “went two steps toward Gregor and collapsed right in the middle of her skirts” (23). These conflicting desires continue through the novella, such as when Mr. Samsa tries to kill Gregor, “she begged him to spare Gregor’s life” (65) but at the same time she is repulsed by him. This illustrates how she wants to help him and tries to think of him the same way she did before his transformation, yet is unable to. This resembles the idealists in society who theoretically support the alienated person but often succumb to social pressures when they are forced to face the problem. These three reactions to Gregor’s transformation as a result of the initiation of his isolation by the manager demonstrate the spectrum of reactions. From the immediate acceptance of the hierarchy represented by Mr. Samsa, to the true compassion of Grete and the idealism of Mrs. Samsa, Kafka shows how a wide variety of reactions is expected from society, and how people often change their opinions.
Franz Kafka is an icon of dark existentialist and absurdist literature that frequently wrote about themes of isolation, alienation, and authoritarian oppression. His well-known work includes the short stories "The Metamorphosis", and “ The Judgment.” as well as his prominent "Letter to His Father", in which he attempted to clarify the tense relationship and his emotional oddness. Franz Kafka was born in Prague on July 3rd, 1883. Prague was a perplexed city, a great deal like Kafka himself. With several languages and ethnic groups struggling for a position in Prague, it was apparent in the late 19th
Kafka utilizes a new narrative perspective in the last passage of his work to expose the one-sided love between Gregor and the rest of his family. The majority of the story had been told in a free indirect discourse restricted to the mind of Gregor. In this position, Gregor’s humanity —despite his inhuman exterior— and his genuine love for family is revealed. As the only source of income for the family, he works with every fiber in his being to overcome the debt that plagues them, as “He felt great pride at having been able to give his parents and sister a life like this in such a beautiful apartment” (411). This compassion is clearly not reciprocated when the narration shifts to the remaining family following Gregor’s demise. Instead they critique the shelter that Gregor
Gregor allowed his family to harass, bully and degrade him, in the same manner that Kafka had allowed his family to do. The similarity of Kafka’s relationship with his father was also portrayed with Gregor and his relationship with his father. Kafka intended to reflect and highlight the decisions that were made by Gregor being influenced by his family, by making them important protagonists within the novel. Gregor expresses from the beginning of the novel how his father intended on raising him, “from the first day of his new life that his father considered only the strictest treatment called for in dealing with him”38, much like Kafka’s father had. Gregor’s father was rather tough on him and his duties, and would take no clear- minded steps into understanding what Gregor, as a bug, did or tried to communicate through the actions he took. As he jumped to conclusions the second he saw Gregor out of his room, and would beat him with a cane trying to pressure him back to staying in his room as if he wasn’t even his son, or throwing apples at him. This provokes Gregor, allowing him to think more rationally, becoming more introverted, yet inside he was suffering with such sadness and crying desperately for some kind of recognition, much like Kafka did.
With the rise of Gregor, Kafka describes the dull, gloomy and humid environment that foreshadows the decay and deterioration of Gregor's life. As soon as Gregor opens his eyes, he finds himself positioned in an uncomfortable manner and transformed into a monstrous vermin or a gigantic insect, a worthless creature, with his hard armor-plated back lying on the bed: "He was lying on his hard, as it were armor-plated, back and when he lifted his head a little he could see his dome-like belly divided into stiff arched segments?" (Kafka 296). With this arresting opening, Kafka has set his mysterious psychological fantasy in motion. He plainly describes Gregor's uneasiness of keeping himself balanced in his bed. "His numerous pitifully thin legs waved helplessly in the air before his eyes" (296). Just so the readers are not left in confusion, Gregor asserts that "It was not a dream," and sees for himself, in disbelief, that he is still in his own regular human bedroom, with a collection of cloth samples widespread on the top of the table (296). Slowly and gradually, we notice Gregor's difficulty in getting up from his bed and his effort to get up safely without hurting hims5elf. This is clearly seen when the narrator says, "If he tried to bend a leg, it first straightened out; and if he finally succeeded in taking charge of it, the other legs
Similar to Mersault’s relationship with his mother, Gregor’s relationship with “the lady dibe yo up in a fur hat and a fur boa..” (1) increases his inability to connect to society. The woman in the poster cannot reflect any emotions, thus it requires no effort to “understand” her and cope with her, just like with Mersault’s dead mother. Nevertheless, the poster is one of the few things in the room that keeps Gregor human. Thus, after there is no chance of establishing a proper connection, an “imaginary” connection is the only option he has. Ironically, this option was taken away by his sister, who does not understand his disconection from women and his immaginary relationship with a poster. Thus, dehumanizing him and precipitating his death.
Kafka uses symbolism in his short story, Metamorphosis. He uses this technique to make the reader try and figure out what was going on in his head. He brought out in this story many things about his life, including his father/family, love life, and his future. He used metaphors to show his love for people in his life. This story is autobiographical about the forces that control Franz Kafka's life. In this paper I will explain how Kafka relates his life to the readers through the story in Metamorphosis.
This shows the reader that Gregor’s wishes only to satisfy his own sense of responsibility before comfortably moving on. Gregor’s sinful nature is further emphasized with his transformation into an ‘unclean beast not suited for sacrifice’. This use of diction allows the reader to understand, as previously stated, that Gregor is not yet ready to become the savior of his family. Meanwhile, Kafka’s portrayal of Gregor reflects everything that is flawed with the Samsa family, who, ironically leach off his work like vermin. This metamorphosis marks the beginning of Gregor’s ultimate sacrifice, as well as his role change as
Characterization of Gregor: Kafka depicts Gregor’s thoughts as depressed and hopeless in order to show that he does not believe his situation will get better. This is done in order to show that Gregor no longer has any humanity left because he repeats the same tasks every day which has numbed him.
The usage of social media and other electronic communication is rising very quickly as numbers of social media platforms, applications and outlets are continuing to advance. Many people use online journals, social media platforms, online chat rooms and symposium to connect personally, also professionally with others. Social media is an intriguing and beneficial gadget when used correctly. The nature of social media, however, can act as a risk as it attempts direct posting freedom that permits very minimal time to reflect on the post and carries an additional burden that what is posted on the web is detectable by a court of law even when it has been deleted a long time ago.
According to (Beal & Bolick, 2012), “Each day’s wave of current events reinforces our awareness that our globally interdependent world is a mélange of people of different colors, religions, languages, and customs” (p. 55). Similar to the global world, classrooms across American today are beginning to look the same, raising awareness for teaching that is all-inclusive. Social studies teachers today are facing increasing difficulties with creating curriculums that meet their state’s mandated requirements and each individual learner, learning needs. A typical classroom will consist of students that may not speak English as a second language, a mixture of male and female students, and more important, children coming from several different backgrounds, having varying life experiences. Thus, the cultural differences resulted in a greater demand for today’s social studies teacher to practice culturally relevant teaching by using multicultural teaching dimensions, so that all children can achieve.