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PANEL 1
The Privileges of Corruption
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“... Has nobody observed that as soon as the government becomes the property of a separate class, it starts to grow out of all proportion and that posts are created not to meet the needs of the governed but of those who govern them?...” (Sieyès).
Emmanuel Siyès argued that the privileges of the aristocracy essentially established it as a foreign body outside of the commonwealth of France. He denounced the nobility by declaring that it had been able to reap the rewards of the working class without providing any contributions to society. Moreover, he said that the nobility was able to do away with these “act[s] of treason to the commonwealth” because it became so powerful, both politically and socially, allowing it to manipulate the government into benefitting solely itself
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By punishing traitors and conspirators, particularly if they are deputies or administrators; by sending loyal troops under patriotic leaders to subdue the aristocrats of… [all] regions in which the standards of rebellion and royalism have been raised; and by making frightful examples of all scoundrels who have outraged liberty and spilled the blood of patriots” (Robespierre, Despotism in Defense of Liberty).
As the Reign of Terror came into effect, triggering the most radical phase of the Revolution, Maximilien Robespierre was determined to reconstruct France as a new republican democracy. According to Robespierre, this system could only be achieved if every and all forms of resistance to the Republic were to be eradicated. He declared that anyone who did not support the revolution as radically as he did was a traitor, a threat to the country, and deserved to be executed.
PANEL 6
Revolutionary Razor
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The French Revolution was based on an assortment of Enlightenment ideals. French philosophers, including Voltaire and Rousseau led the revolution leading up to the revolution, so to speak, coming up with progressive ideals as to government, social structure, and the nature of people. Indeed, the ideals which the revolution was fought in the name of progressed throughout France and, eventually, Europe. Though the revolution took wrong turns along the way, the ideals which it was based on never wavered. Even during the heart of his Reign of Terror, Robespierre spoke of a state where each citizen wants to do good by his country. This shows Robespierre with an unwavering commitment to the state, an ideal which came out of the Enlightenment. Though he may have carried out his beliefs in a gruesome and perhaps wrong way, his ideals were the same as the Enlightenment philosophers: make the state better for all to live in.
First, Robespierre declared, "Terror the order of the day" (Document B). This declaration was a start to Robespierre's idea of killing all traitors and enlightenment idealists. When one does not commit to listening to the ideas of every person, problems and conflict emerge, thus his ideas did not end in rejoice. Robespierre also didn't recognize people that had other ideals as citizensa citizens in the Republic but the republicans" (Document G). His quote means that conservatives will be the only ones receiving the perks of being a citizen. Robespierre tried to make the country united in thinking, but when civilians didn't agree with his ideas, he simply killed them, which is inhumane and unjustified in almost any case. Killing people doesn't solve any problems as more people will take their place. Robespierre didn't understand the gruesome immorality of killing as "16,000 people were guillotined during the Reign of Terror" (Document F). Executing in large amounts to prove a point isn’t a fantastic deal breaker to anyone. These examples prove the Reign of Terror was unreasonable as he did not listen to the overwhelming majority of the people and ended up massacring them to solve
“The execution of Louis XVI marked the beginning of an 18- month period of the French Revolution that has come to be called “The Reign of Terror” (Background Essay: Was it justified). The French revolution lasted from 1789 until 1794. During this period of time, the most terrifying part was the Reign of Terror. Even though some of the intentions from the Reign of Terror were good, it was a very destructive and unnecessary time.
The internal threats against France were minimal because when someone did disagree with the revolution they were punished and more than likely, executed. When these executions took place, people would see what would happen to them if they acted the same way. This shows that there was not many people that rebelled against the government; however, people still did, which is one of the reasons the number executions and murders was so high. People had a right to be angry with the government, nevertheless. Many citizens of France were drafted to the levee en masse, the military draft during the revolution. (Document C) They were very mad about this because they were forced to fight even if they didn’t agree with the method France was using to protect itself from internal and external threats. In Document D, a local government official from Western Europe sends a letter to the National Convention asking for more soldiers because the 3,000 men army wasn’t enough. In the letter, the official says that the men sent by the government have failed to stop the “rabble”. Adding to the many reasons the Reign of Terror was unjustifiable, this leads to the official asking if he can kill the men for not doing their job. Killing nearly 3,000 men because they cannot stop the multitude of soldiers is greatly insensitive. Robespierre overreacted when he believed that the internal threats were serious, because on the contrary, they made little
The three words of the french Revolution were liberty, equality, and fraternity. was the Reign of Terror Justified? The Reign of Terror was not justified because of human rights, internal threats, and external threats.
The French Revolution is arguably the bloodiest period in French history, with men such as Maximilien Robespierre leading the country into a situation of state sponsored terror. Originally being quite a liberal thinker inspired by the works of Rousseau, Robespierre quickly gained a reputation for being a radical throughout the course of the Revolution, especially during the Terror. Early on terror was justified as a means to root out foreign and domestic enemies of the Revolution, however; once the foreign threat had been taken care of it became increasingly difficult for Robespierre to rationalize his use of terror to bring about a supposed Republic of Virtue. In his speech, the “Justification of the use of Terror” which he presented to
The radical turning point of the revolution, marked by the Reign of Terror, was an atmosphere of mass executions and imposed paranoia, with more than ten thousand “counterrevolutionaries” (vaguely defined, which at the end turned out to be anyone with dissent) sent to death under the Law of Suspects. Robespierre himself states that “Terror is nothing but prompt, severe, inflexible justice; it is therefore an emanation of virtue… The government of the revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny”. “Severe and inflexible”, as justified by Robespierre, the revolution needed a push in order to reach its goals. France under the committee's total control sent anyone with dissent to the guillotine because they were considered to be a threat to the new government, which ironically named itself “for the people”. An anonymous eyewitness during the reign commented on the Reign of Terror collection of authentic narratives that “It seemed as if their blind fury was particularly directed against the weakest and most amiable.The loveliest, the youngest, and the most interesting females, were dragged in crowds into this receptacle of misery, whence they were led, by dozens, to inundate the scaffold” (325). The sickening extent of human toll
After the September 11 attacks, George W. Bush called for a war against Afghanistan in an effort to destroy terrorist organizations. In his statement on Military Order from 2001, Bush explains that if the United States did not use military action against these groups, then terrorists would continue to attack America or other countries and take even more lives (Bush). For Bush, war was the only answer in order to protect his country. Similarly, Vice President Richard Cheney advocated war in the Middle East. He remarked that the American government would target states that assisted terrorists or supported them, as well as individual terrorists. He also claimed that the war was effective as of 2003, and that the military had destroyed certain
Maximilien Robespierre has always been known to be controversial and misunderstood. He was the face of the French Revolution. In accordance with the Jacobins, they controlled the time known as the Reign of Terror, due to their influence in the accumulation of murders of those opposed to the revolution. Reign of Terror was a symbolic time period within the French Revolution that involved corruption of power and influence and mass executions. With Robespierre at the forefront, he became one of the most important men in the Revolution. As soon as Maximilien Robespierre decided to react to enemies of the revolutions, mass execution being his choice of force; his implementation of the Reign of Terror was a villainous act striking those who
Maximillien Robespierre is commonly viewed as the symbol of the Reign of Terror, the short period in which thousands of people were executed because they were thought to be traitors. However, Maximillien was actually an idealistic reformer with an image of peace and equality driving him on, who is unfairly credited with the Terror, and assumed to be a power-hungry tyrant.
King Louis XVI and Marie Antionette were two people that should not have been ruling a country. King Louis was always gone on hunting trips and Marie Antionette spent every dime of French money. Once the Monarchy ran out money, they started to tax the Third, and poorest, estate. The third estate took up 97% of the population. 97% of the population was starving and the royal family kept spending large amounts of money until the people revolted. The people of France tried to reason with King Louis, but he refused to change his ways and kept taxing the third estate. When the people revolted, they stormed the Bastille and took all of the weapons they could. The people then went to the King’s palace and demanded he fix the way he was ruling before they killed him. The King didn’t listen and was executed along with his wife. Of the three kids that Marie Antionette had, the two boys died of Tuberculosis in jail and the daughter was sent to live the remainder of her life in exile in Austria. It may seem as though the people of France had successfully overgrown their monarchy and could begin a life of freedom, however this is not the case. The French had rushed into combat too fast and did not have a plan for what to do after they had killed their rulers. The right of Terror begins where Maximilian Robespierre beheads 40,000 people in the span of ten months for speaking against the revolution. In the end, Robespierre ends up getting
The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt, by the revolutionaries, to form a new government that would give the people more liberty, equality and value people’s rights. Between 1793 and 1794 the government used extreme ways to achieve their goals. This period of time, led by Robespierre, was called the reign of Terror because between 20,000-40,000 french people were killed by the government forces. The Reign of Terror was not justified for three reasons:The external and internal threat did not deserve it, they denied natural rights against people who opposed them and the methods of the Terror were too extreme.
The revolutionaries used the Reign of Terror to their advantage, eliminating all of those in resistance. General Ronsin, who was a leader of the revolutionary army, strongly supported the use of guillotine and firing squad to execute the opposition (Document 5). These revolutionaries thought they had brought justice into France through the execution of those who were resisting the revolutionaries. In a speech to the National Convention, Maximilien de Robespierre explains how
In Document G the speech by Robespierre stated that the goal of the revolution was to make a peaceful reign of constitutional law. It also states that social protection is only for peaceful citizens. Robespierre says that people for the revolution should be protected. When the Reign of Terror was going on the enemies of the revolution were killed. The enemies were killed so the people of the revolution were protected. With the enemies killed everyone was for the revolution so everyone was safe. In Document D the writer of the letter writes that 3,000 guardsmen were called to keep order after a revolt. The number of guardsmen made sure that the people for the revolution were
During the year of 1793, Maximilien Robespierre was appointed by the Committee of Public Safety (Document B) to bring all the chaos that the French Revolution caused to a close, but Robespierre had his own agenda. As of September 5, 1793 Robespierre did just that and declared “Terror the order of the day;” beginning of Reign of Terror. As stated in document G, Robespierre