Due to the heavy Judeo-Christian influences in our culture, concepts like religion and its associated ideas such as cosmology and ethics are seen as universal. Divinity is usually interpreted as either omnipresent or far-beyond-this-world. Ethics are seen as unanimously appropriate, though they are fashioned from the relationship between the divine and his/her individual worshippers. However, many of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors did not see the world or the nature of the divine in this way, as their concepts of religion, culture, and politics were directly related to their familiar surroundings – the mountains, fields, and rivers that shaped and created their everyday life (Bauschatz 130). To put it bluntly, the pagan Anglo-Saxons recognized that …show more content…
Instead, they largely focused on the geards that enclosed, cultivated, and supported their community, and separated it from the world beyond. In Iceland, this differentiation between the community and the outside world was referred to using the terms ‘innangardh’ and ‘utangardh’ , and it can be generally assumed that the Anglo-Saxons probably had similar terms, but they have not been pasted down to us. Therefore, I will make a loose attempt to reconstruct the terms the Anglo-Saxons might have used, and will be using ‘innangeard’ and ‘utgeard’. The innangeard is understood to be the civilized space of close-knit social relationships, while the utgeard is everything outside of it. At times, the specific identification of the boundaries that separated these two geards might have been physical – a particularly mountain, a river, or even an actual wall. However, they were by no means geographically fixed. If your community grew or your farm expanded, then naturally so would your innangeard. Therefore, both the innangeard and utgeard were primarily conceptual, though they might occasionally be directly translated into real world …show more content…
It is far more than a matter of one who relies on, and who one might consider an outsider; the Innangeard is a matter of community – the laws, traditions, and customs of your kin - and is not merely reliant on a particular person’s opinion. It is definitely not an excuse to exclude another person based on a difference in opinion, especially if said person is inherently a member of your community. On top of that, the moral and ethical requirements shift between the geards – while it would not be okay to steal or harm someone from your community, the same could not be said in regards to outsiders. These two concepts and the division between them are integrally complex, especially with their fluid nature. However, they were inherent to how our Anglo-Saxon ancestors saw and interacted with the world, and as we try to recreate their ancient practices into our modern world, it is necessary that we seek to understand and use
1. What were the costs and benefits to stakeholders of the actions taken by Massey Energy and its managers?
The people of Anglo Saxon believe that God only rewards people who prove themselves. This fact is proven when the author states, between lines 980-981, that (qoute 32)...
Since the dawn of time, people have necessitated explanations for various natural phenomena, such as rain, earthquakes, and death as well as human characteristics of love, wisdom, and anger. Societies, thus, began to formulate unique beliefs of deities with great power that explained any unknown territories. They worshiped these divine beings trusting in their abilities and fearing their fury. However, no two cultures ever had the same beliefs; each system of belief - each mythology - was designed to reflect the individual societies, who practiced it.
Throughout the history of the world, people have been concerned with what it is to live a moral life. Many answers have been put forth for this question, but the best by far is found in the Christian Bible. This is because the Bible is a revelation from the Creator. While people can grope in the dark to find answers to moral questions by looking at natural law, they are always frustrated because the real nature of the world we live in is fallen and corrupt. We have an adversary who tries to deceive us and minds that are easily deceived. Even at our most rational, we make mistakes in logical inference, and need to be corrected. In this paper, we will look at biblical ethics in terms of meta-ethics, deontology, virtue theory, and
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Morals, values and ethics define who we are and what we believe. Culture, religion, and many other things affect our beliefs. One uses various types off ethics when surrounded by different groups. Knowing between right and wrong is a good foundation to practicing good ethics and morals. These things make morals, ethics, and values important in society.
Different organizations are driven by specific sets of code of ethics, which are used to protect many different aspect of the organizations, specifically the client, counselor, and organization. Concerning the standards of a counselor, their ethics are not only provided by the laws of the state or their practice, but also outside sources who present basic values and regulations of ethical standards in their code of ethics. This paper will look at two specific associations: the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American Association
To answer this question, we must first understand what both ethics and morality are. As ethics is defined as the philosophical study of morality, those who study religion get their moral precepts from what they believe God says should be done. This perspective is not at all unexpected, because all religions apply a perspective on morality. Morality is defined as beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad- beliefs that can include judgements, values, rules, principles, and theories. Morals are what help us guide our actions, define our values, and give us reason for being the person that we are.
According to the definition of the Moral Compass text, moral compass is the reflective, international adoption of values and behaviors as a framework for realizing the good in oneself, in others, and in the social and material environment. My own moral compass is constructed mainly by my parents and the eastern social values and principles of relationships, which are largely influenced by the thoughts and ideas of Buddhism, Taoism and the Confucianism. Among them, Confucianism affects my country’s social values and furthermore my parents and my moral compass the most. In the contrast of Western culture, Confucianism puts a huge emphasis on the relationships between individuals in family, school,
The belief that morality requires God remains a widely held moral maxim. In particular, it serves as the basic assumption of the Christian fundamentalist's social theory. Fundamentalists claim that all of society's troubles - everything from AIDS to out-of-wedlock pregnancies - are the result of a breakdown in morality and that this breakdown is due to a decline in the belief of God. This paper will look at different examples of how a god could be a bad thing and show that humans can create rules and morals all on their own. It will also touch upon the fact that doing good for the wrong reasons can also be a bad thing for the person.
A code of ethics is a set of written principles regarding conduct and behavior created by the organization to serve as a guide. The purpose of ethical codes is to give its employees, management, and any interested party a reference point that adheres to company policy, standards, and ethical beliefs. The code is made visible to the public to ensure professional integrity, quality, and to prevent misguided conduct. Regardless of the organization or governing body a code serves as a go-to guide because ethical issues can stem from anywhere at any given time. The Code of Ethics for Nurses is so dynamic because as technology changes, so does the code to ensure that updated knowledge is provided to healthcare workers as they address new ethical
To be moral simply means to do what is right; however, doing what is right is easier said than done. Perhaps if one was a child, one would, to the best of their abilities, follow what his parents demand of him, this would constitute them as doing what is right. Now let us say that the child is an orphan, or does not believe what his parents say is right, should following them still be considered moral, or is it even up to him to decide? Perhaps the child has evolved past parenting all together and therefore needs no more guidance. Defining what is considered moral has now become much more complex. Sam Harris presents the same basic argument of morality in his book Letter to a Christian Nation, by applying it not to a child and his parents,
Virtue, when I hear that word I think of value and morality and only good people can be virtuous. When I hear the word ethics I think of good versus evil, wrong and right. Now when the two are put together you get virtue ethics. You may wonder what can virtue ethics possibly mean. It’s just two words put together to form some type of fancy theory. Well this paper will discuss virtue ethics and the philosophy behind it.
The word “ethics” comes from Greek ethikas meaning character. Today, we use ethics to describe the normative standard of behavior. The history of philosophical ethics has been broken up into five rational methods: Virtue, Traditional, Modern, and Post-Modern Ethics. Within these periods, the philosophy of ethics changed along with the changes being made within society.
Almost a decade ago, after I had spent a year of in a discipleship program, I adopted the mission statement: Make the next right decision, and promptly admit when I’m wrong. To me this statement encompasses everything I know about applying Christian ethics to everyday life. Motivated by love, I seek to act in holiness and justice in every choice I make, including admitting promptly when I choose wrong. To make the best decisions possible I apply a biblical perspective, and ethical evaluation toward sound reasoning in recognition of both the spiritual and natural world.