Josiah Wedgwood Background

The next most interesting trade in the colonial period was Gunsmiths. It is very neat to me how the gunsmiths didn’t only work with metals but also with wood. In fact, the stock of a gun was made with one piece of wood and later engraved. Even the metal used in the guns were intricately engraved as well. The gunsmith wasn’t just limited to making firearms

As well as creating the Farmers’ Institute, Carver also helped the farmers of Alabama and the southern states a great deal. An insect called the boll weevil became an enormous threat to the cotton fields of southern United States. Carver recommended to these farmers that they should substitute their cotton crops with sweet potatoes and, the more successful recommendation, peanuts. This switch would provide farmers another source of income and would also help to prevent the spread of the insect. The one problem with this solution was that no one knew what to do with all the peanut crops. Carver was quoted as saying: “we can learn to synthesize materials for every human need from the things that grow.” So that is what he did. In total, Carver was able to create close to three hundred different products from the peanut plant. These wide variety of products include dyes, ink, insulation, cosmetics, stock feed, medicines, glue, soap, and peanut milk. Although most of his products never became commercially sold, Carver became widely known as the “Peanut Man”. He also created nearly one hundred uses for the sweet potato crops.

In Charles Sellers’s book The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (1994), he wrote about how the Market Revolution was not only a defining moment for America, but also the world. In the book A country of Vast Designs by Robert Merry (2011), he quotes Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1844 as describing America as “America is the country of the Future” and “It is a country of beginnings, of projects, of vast design and expectations.”

The New England settlers produced much of England’s economy and they relied heavily on artisan industries like printing, shipbuilding, and carpentry.

The Market Revolution began with the advancement in manufacturing. In 1793, inventor Eli Whitney developed a machine known as the Cotton Gin. This was used to separate cotton from cotton seeds rather than do it manually. This development revolutionized agriculture and factory work, and unfortunately also led to a mass exploitation of African-American slaves. With an increase of machinery, the Boston Manufacturing Company was created by Francis Lowell as a place for all

2. One of the leading innovators in the production and marketing of goods at the turn of the century was

Towards the end of the late 1700's, America was no longer under custody of Britain, instead it was a large market for industrial goods and without the doubt the world's major source for cotton, tobacco, and other agricultural products. The Market Revolution during this time was a harsh change in manual labor system originating in the south and later spreading world wide. The War of 1812, fought against Great Britain, was a time of rapid improvement in transportation, continuously growth of factories, and important development of new technology to increase agricultural production. A labor evolvement started to occur in America throughout the early 1800's, a drastic shift from an agricultural

One significant “innovation” that drastically changed the market during specifically colonial time periods was the usage and introduction of slaves for usage in regards to increasing farming output. Slavery has been around since time could be told but to understand their real value to those in North America, their proper roots must be evaluated. Slave trade

Baskerville longed to be rich and it was in Birmingham that he carved a life for himself as a successful businessman in the commission and manufacturing of Japanned goods (highly varnished). Stories are told that Baskerville, in order to discover the secrets of the local successful Japanning professional named John Taylor, followed him about and ordered the same materials in the same quantities and discovered the recipe to Taylor’s formula for cheap varnish. It was in this Japanned goods business that Baskerville maintained his wealth until

There were two key inventions that had a huge impact on the Industrial Revolution. John Kay, an English engineer invented the flying shuttle. They flying shuttle was a machine that made cotton workers capable of weaving much faster. Kay received the patent for the flying shuttle on May 26, 1733. Thirty-one years late in 1764, an English carpenter name James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny. This machine multiplied the amount of yarn produced. The only setback was that the spinning jenny produced only one type of yarn needed for weaving (Bruno 158). Then another inventor, Richard Arkwright, made the water frame. This invention made it possible to produce the other type of yarn needed and required much waterpower. The new spinning machine that Arkwright invented was made of a frame, which was too large and too expensive to fit in a small cottage. In The Timetable of Technology, it states that Arkwright is the founder of the modern factory. He is named the founder because he built a house for his new water frame, and then employed one thousand people to work the spinning machine. This new factory started operating in

In addition to the plentiful raw materials that England supplied, Britain had an expanding economy to support their industrialization. With the help of Britain's stable government and new investors, factories were able to quickly adapt to newly purchased machinery. The Industrial Revolution was further spurred by a resolution of new technology. These new inventions and expansion of factories led to a rapid increase in wealth of the overall nation. Which led the decrease in prices to come from the introduction of machines. For example, the creation of the well known cotton gin, by Eli Whitney helped revolutionized the production of cotton. Before, the cotton process took a long period of time and extensive work to produce a widely traded product. Whitney’s new tecnhioldingal invention was able to show tremendous growth in efficiency. This machine helped by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had became America’s leading export. In other words, this machine was designed to spin and weave the fabric, which helped to expand the Industrial Revolution’s productivity. This picture displays the sketches made to depict the parts of the original cotton gin. These gins were an important invention because it dramatically reduced the amount of time it took to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. This was one of the key

During the 1800’s Great Britain’s empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ‘workshop of the world,’ Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country and also

The earliest factories in England came up by the 1730s and, with the technology enabled production processes like carding, twisting, spinning and rolling became faster and easier consequentially, between 1760 and 1787 raw cotton imports to British cotton industry rose from 2.5 million pounds to 22 million pounds. On the contrary, the traditional market of cotton cloth from India witnessed a steady decline from 30 per cent around 1800 to 15 per cent by 1815 and to 3 percent in 1870s. While exports of cloth declined rapidly, export of raw materials increased equally fast. Between 1812 and 1871, the share of raw cotton exports rose from 5 per cent to 35 per cent. This was not something triggered by the industrial revolution but the protectionist measures of the British t which imposed tariffs on cloth imports. The creation of cotton mill by Richard Arkwright brought processes under one roof and management, allowing better supervision, quality control, and the regulation of labour. Thus not only the trade the way business of production was handled also underwent a quantum change.

Also, the cottage industry of England was not able to fulfill the demands of increasing population. The ratio of demand to supply increased tremendously as population doubled in less than half century. Therefore, people began to focus on the ways to improve the cottage industry. In 1765 cotton spinning jenny was invented by a carpenter named James Hargreaves. At the same time, Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1768. These two inventions triggered the production of the cottage industry and cotton became cheaper and affordable to all classes. The real breakthrough comes when James watt invented steam engine in 1776 which made possible the establishment of coal and iron factories to more suitable areas. Initially, steam engines were used for pumping water out of coal mines and in iron industry to create draft in blast furnaces. Steam power was efficiently applied to transportation, agriculture, and other technological sectors. In 1856, Henry Bessemer invented Bessemer Convertor that converted iron into cheaper and durable steel. Steel production

Some of the most important advancements came in the production of cotton, where several inventions stood out: John Kay's flying shuttle of 1733, which greatly increased weaving speed; James Hargreaves spinning jenny, which made possible the automatic production of thread; Richard Arkwright’s water frame; and Edmund Cartwright’s machine loom. It was the textile industry that pioneered the Industrial Revolution and its innovators encouraged others to continue the technological advancements that made Britain's economy flourish.