John Bodley Argument

The language this author has chosen is quite negative, for example, they use these four lines “Will my tribe forget the tradition? Our totem and our songs? Will my land be taken away from us? For development grazing rights?” These lines, even if read on their own, leave a negative impact on you. The thought of losing your land for grazing rights is horrible, this

Colonisation has impacted profoundly on indigenous communities worldwide and this essays examines and details some of those impacts.

One extreme change for the Indians was the arrival of Anglo-Europeans. Native peoples’ lives were changed at the blink of an eye while new ideas, practices and beliefs were shown to them. The arrival of the Europeans changed the way the Indians viewed their world and manipulated their resources. This new change could be viewed as positive as well as negative, for while some tribes entered into trade relations with the Anglos, others were used as slave labor and all were subject to disease brought on by the European newcomers. However, despite all the advantages and disadvantages, no other introduction changed the lives of the Indians more than firearms and horses. West outlines one of the most important evolutions for Native life and how it represented a new way to harness resources and gain power. In just a few chapters, we are able to see the great advancements the Indians made in hunting and trade due to these new technologies and how they allowed the Cheyennes to rise to a new purpose as the Called Out People.

The determinants have a positive or negative effect on the health of individuals and communities (Dudgeon, 2014). Aboriginal health recognizes that social inequalities are associated with health inequality. For example, lack of education, homelessness and low income are clearly associated with ill health and affect human development. This can contribute to chronic stress which impacts on the body's immune system, circulatory system, and metabolic functions resulting in mental health problems (Baum,

Economic imperialism is a central part of the ongoing contemporary colonization of indigenous peoples in Canada. Since the colonial era marked the beginning of imperialism in North America, an intricate web of power and domination have formed leaving Indigenous communities in the grip of its economic philosophy. This has led to the ongoing contribution to the disposition of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Economic imperialism can be defined as the need for countries to expand their territories in order to collect resources from their colonies. This illustrates the inherent unsustainability of colonial settler society. In this essay I will look at how the impacts of economic imperialism has had an effect on the development of the indigenous

Demographics are shown in documents 6, 11, 12, and 13. First, in document 6, the topic of domestication between plants and animals arose. The author argues that the density of human population document determined the amount of domestication occurring. This resulted in a various amount of food surpluses. The surplus of food would result in an increase of population in different areas. In the document, the author argues that more advanced societies in better geographic locations benefited from the domestication of plants and animals. Since larger and more developed regions benefited, they had a higher change of growing their population and increasing their surplus due to their luck of domestication. Document 11 discussed the decrease in human population due to natural causes, such as drought, famine, and disease. This decrease in population was directly connected to the colonial world. The expansion of the colonies was the gateway to spreading natural disaster and epidemic disease. Lastly, in Document 13 expresses concern about the smallpox epidemic that occurred among the native Indians in Peru. The Indians faced many plagues once the European conquered their land. These sicknesses wiped out nearly half of the native population in Peru. From the point of view from the author, the expansion of the west ultimately benefited the modern world, but it came with harsh consequences. When the Europeans

To achieve wellbeing of communities and individuals only providing or reallocating of resources in not enough. The government has to strength up the local and regional communities. Without the effective participation of indigenous people the economic strategy is doomed to

Socioeconomic factors are associated with education, employment, and income, and each, has a substantial influence on the health of Indigenous Australians. Education, which is inaccessible for many Indigenous people, allows for the greater knowledge of health issues, and the increased understanding of both protective behaviors and risk factors. It is a known fact that with a lack of education or one that is poor, there is a increased risk that there will be less employment opportunities – ultimately leading to little or no income. Hence, the vicious poverty cycle is born. Education enables

experience and knowledge of indigenous peoples and their various ways of life. He explains the

In this task there will be a discussion on the impact of social inequalities in society. I will explain how the different social groups’ including religion, ethnicity, age and gender can benefit the society but also face difficulties in terms of health and well being.

One of the most detailed descriptions about the American society`s progression towards civilization and expansion was the perspective of the Native Americans. As the original inhabitants of the land, the Native Americans perceived the idea of manifest destiny in a negative way because “Indians viewed the railroad differently. They watched the iron horse transport white hunters to the plains, transforming the prairies onto buffalo killing fields. They found carcasses littering and rotting along the railroad tracks, a trail of death for the buffalo- the main source of life for the Indians” (Takaki 95). Although this author does a great job describing the Native Americans oppression in his third chapter, John Gast`s painting American Progress, used visual representation to meet the text. In this painting, America is symbolized as the majestic women in white hurling the train towards the west that symbolized the industrial revolution. Gast`s artwork has put me in the shoes of the Native Americans as I saw their world being destroyed or altered by western expansion. This artwork made me realize the injustice Native Americans have endured, and those who still endure the repercussions of our “progression” today. As a student of civics, this painting influenced me to commemorate the Native Americans horrific past that helped America to progress. In sum, while the

Page 3 communities today. Specifically this disadvantage is evident in many areas of community life, with Indigenous people being generally exposed to more risk factors for poor health than other Australians (Thomson, MacRae, Burns, Catto, Debuyst, Krom, Midford, Potter, Ride, Stumpers and Urquhart, 2010, para. 49). Examples of risk factors include social factors such as dispossession, dislocation and discrimination, educational factors such as poor schooling, resulting in much lower literacy and numeracy skills, economic factors such as lower income and higher unemployment, access to good quality health care and GP's, and physical environmental factors such as poor and overcrowded housing. Together these disadvantages provide for a higher likelihood of poor lifestyle choices such as alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use, a poor and unbalanced diet, obesity and a lack of regular exercise (Thomson et. al. 2010, para. 49, Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 79).

It is inaccurate to picture the Indians as merely victims suffering a decline because the Native Americans didn’t take European presence to their full advantage to further their goals. Native Americans made alliances with Europeans and traded goods to purchase European arms.

As a result, illnesses such as tuberculosis, small pox, and measles went uncured which led to the death of many Indigenous students (The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2012). This was illustrated in Wenjack where it is mentioned how Chanie had developed a lung infection, tuberculosis, which he had failed to receive treatment for. It is noted by Boyden (2016) that “tuberculosis and similar diseases had taken thousands of Indian children’s lives” (p. 11). The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2012) state how the high mortality rates of students caused devastation within families hoping their children would return home. As a result, they spent their lives grieving never knowing how their child died or where their body was placed. Thus, it is no surprise that the statistics demonstrate that the Aboriginal population has higher rates of premature death (Pederson et al., date). Unfortunately, neglect in Aboriginal’s health care still continues to occur to this day. In particular, Pederson et al. (date) mentions how poor economic and social conditions in the Indigenous community exist which contribute to these individuals viewing their health status as low. Additionally, the neglect in this population has resulted in a reduction in their social determinants of health. For instance, Pederson et al. (date) recognize how physical neglect has resulted in “poverty, poor housing and substance abuse” (p. 297). As a result of being neglected, the Aboriginal population is continuing to suffer which further leads to consequences in their health. Thus, Wenjack enables the reader to acknowledge how neglect continues to play a role in harming the lives on the Aboriginal

For example a person living in a deprived council estate, with a very low income has been proven to be more at risk of developing health issues compared to someone from a higher social class as there is a strong correlation between poverty and ill health. This has been backed up by (WHO, 1946) that state that ‘poverty creates ill-health because it forces people to live in environments that make them sick.’