Jfk Surfactant

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

What main components in cigarettes affect the respiratory system? Explain their effects on specific organs, cells and/or processes in the respiratory system.

Tetrahymena cells are model organisms that have led to the discovery of many groundbreaking topics in the biology world. Tetrahymena cells nourish through a process called phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is when the cell engulfs anything in its path using the cell’s cytoplasm. In this experiment, through the use of a control, and low and high concentration of tobacco extract it was determined that cigarette extract inhibits the process of phagocytosis in cells. This was then compared to the ciliotoxic effects of cigarette smoke on the lungs and the hypothesis was supported after the drop in phagocytosis of high and low concentrations after ten minutes. It can be determined that cigarette smoke does have a direct effect on the difficulty of breathing and overall living of life.

Both lungs would collapse when the thoracic wall was punctured if the two lungs were in a single cavity instead of individual cavities.

heart problems the damaged of alveoli lead to decrease the amount of oxygen in bloodstream because of that the heat will pump strongly to allow blood to reach the lungs. Emphysema also may increase the pressure on blood vessels that connect the lungs and heart, in addition, it can affect a section, which response for contractile and relaxing of the heart, called cor pulmonale. Moreover, pneumothorax, which called also collapsed lung. At this case,, Lager holes, or giant bullae, it is form when empty spaces is develop. Large holes may be as big as half of the lungs. These giant bullae may burst , as a result, the lung deflation will

This "dead space" of air needs to stay in your lungs constantly; otherwise the lung will completely deflate. If the lung has every bit of air sucked out of it, it will collapse and need to be re-inflated.

Air escaped from the lung into the pleural space. Eventually, enough air collected in the pleural space to cause the mediastinum to shift twoard the right. The collapsed left lung, increased intrapleural pressure, and rightward shift make it difficult to ventilate A.W.

Surfactant is an essential component for the respiratory system to function properly. Knowing the physiology of surfactant in the alveoli is important to know when learning the structure of the air sacs and how they work. This experiment is designed to make the understanding of surfactant in the alveolar film easier to learn, because it's not very simple. Surfactant is a detergent-like substance produced by the Type II alveolar cells in the walls of the alveoli. Surfactant is produced to reduce the surface tension of the water molecules that primarily compose the walls of the alveoli. For this experiment, we will be using milk and food coloring to represent the water (milk) and gas (food coloring) in

Now lets look a tension pneumothorax. A tension pneumothorax is when airs builds up in the pleural space [from a chest injury allowing air to enter but not get out] and cause the lungs to compress and decrease return blood flow to the heart causing shock. Tension pneumothorax is a serious and potential deadly condition that can sometimes be controlled by placing a coated trama pad over the hole to control air going in. Another procedure called needle decompression can be done by ALS providers.

Emphysema is the most common cause of death from respiratory disease in the United States and is generally caused by several years of heavy cigarette smoking (Olendorf, 2000). When a person smokes, the body’s immune system tries to fight off the invading smoke by using certain substances. These substances can also attack the cells of the lungs, but normally the body is able to release other substances to prevent this. In the case of people who are smokers, this doesn’t happen and the original substances that were released to fight off the smoke also end up injuring the cells of the lungs as well. Eventually, the lungs will not be able to supply enough oxygen to the blood and a host of problems can occur with this. Risk factors that have been identified for emphysema include exposure to tobacco smoke either through active or passive smoking (2nd hand smoke), occupational exposure such as dust or chemicals, ambient air pollution, or genetic abnormalities, including a deficiency of alpha-antitrypsin, an enzyme inhibitor that normally counteracts the destruction of lung tissue by certain other enzymes (Smeltzer, 2010). The symptoms of emphysema develop gradually over many years. It is generally characterized by three primary symptoms: chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Other signs and symptoms include weight loss and the development of a

Oxygen is drawn into the lungs by a process called inhalation, (breathing in), which occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are contracted which causes the lungs to expand, giving a larger volume and therefore causing a lower pressure differential between the lungs, alveolar pressure, and the outside atmosphere. This inverse relationship between volume and pressure is called Boyle’s law. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2011)

My Dad recently passed away unannounced though advanced in age. I think if I had an in depth knowledge of what took him away so quick, I would have been able to convince and or lure him out of such sudden departure. He had been a chronic smoker for a short period of time. He might have suffered a lot I believe; with inference from the kind of disease the autopsy result diagnosed him of Emphysema, as the major causative factor to his unannounced departure. I am leading this discussion with research into the disease Emphysema to gain more knowledge to help many I know that smoke a lot most especially, the would be ardent smokers so that they do not go through what my father went through, suffered and consequently leaving us into social and paternal vacuum of life. I would like us look into what is emphysema? Followed by how it affects the lung,

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in the top five principal cause of death in the U.S. The disease is an abnormal inflammatory reaction in the lungs with limited airflow. COPD characteristically arises around the age 35. Smoking continues to be the main source of COPD, but is not the only known root cause. In many studies, smoking explanations for at least three fourths of COPD cases ("Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | University of Maryland Medical Center," n.d.). Stopping smoking has been known to improve lung capabilities and help to prevent death from COPD. Genetic conditions and introductions to airborne toxins, irritants and gasses are correspondingly involved in the growth of the illness. A complete treatment plan could comprise of lifestyle changes, one or more medications, patient education, oxygen therapy respiratory rehabilitation, and surgery ("Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | University of Maryland Medical Center," n.d.).

Lung cancer can be caused by multiple factors and many factors can work together to cause someone to have lung cancer. Besides smoking, radon, secondhand smoke, the environment and someone’s occupation can all cause lung cancer. As we already know smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer cases worldwide and over forty-three million people just in the United States smoke cigarettes. There are more than fifty chemicals in tobacco smoke that are ingested each time someone smokes. Some of these chemicals include benzene (which can be found in pesticides and gasoline), Formaldehyde (which preserve dead bodies), pesticides (which are found on lawns and gardens) and Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (Martin, 2012). When a person inhales the chemicals in cigarettes, they inhale thousands of poisons, toxic metals, and

Imagine waking up in the morning to the discomfort of not being able to take a proper ventilation. Horrible, right? This is what people who have pleural effusions feel. I chose to do my paper on pleural effusions. Pleural effusions are a collection of fluid in the pleural space, the cavity surrounding the lungs. Typically, there is 10 mL of fluid in this space to lubricate the pleura, however when disrupted by diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolisms, congestive heart failure, or cancer, fluid begins to third space and collect in abnormal amounts. The biggest challenge then becomes dyspnea and tachypnea. This is because the extra fluid decreases pressure making it difficult for the lung to fully expand. Pleural effusions