Jehovah’s Witnesses and Blood Transfusion:
An Analysis of the Religion’s Foundation and Challenges
Since ancient times religion has had a strong influence on people’s lives, specifically in their moral decision making. In many religions, moral decisions are made based on God commands known as “Divine Commands” and not necessarily on reason or common sense. In fact, there are different approaches to a religious belief. On one side of the approach there is a fundamentalism orientation, which is a simple adherence to the "foundations" of faith, or ideologies. It is deliberated by the standard of genuineness and authenticity. Fundamentalism has also been described as an aggressive and dangerous expression of conservatism in the form of extreme
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During emergency moments, patients vary in their choice to receive blood transfusions. Fundamentalist Jehovah's Witnesses are not willing to receive blood products under any circumstances, even when it means losing their lives. Their position is so extreme that they are also not willing to receive a transfusion for their underage children, even those not born yet. However, Ecumenist suggests that secondary components of the blood, such as albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulins, should be accepted because they naturally cross the placental barrier during pregnancy, so they do not have the same connotation of the primary components and are no longer considered “blood”. Also, Ecumenist are flexible to those members who receive a transfusion against their will or those who have accepted the transfusion and regret of their actions (Besio). Because of ecumenist’s efforts, Jehovah’s Witnesses are allowed to carry a signed and witnessed “Advance Decision Document” listing the blood products and autologous procedures that are, or are not, acceptable to them. Usually, a copy of that document is placed in the patient records (JPAC). Moreover, ecumenist movements have made it possible for Jehovah’s Witness patients to undergo otherwise religiously questionable procedures such as apheresis, hemodialysis, cardiac bypass with non-blood fluids, as well as the use of recombinant products, like erythropoiesis stimulating agents and granulocyte colony stimulating
In taking care of a patient, it is important for nurses to respect the patient, their beliefs, and their right to autonomy. Provision One in the Code of Ethics states “the nurse practices with compassion and respect for inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person” (ANA, 2015, p. 7). With a Jehovah’s Witness patient, the nurse must first acquire information regarding their religion and how it may impact their care and their wishes related to their healthcare. Once their patient’s beliefs are noted and understood, the nurse must establish a professional and therapeutic relationship with their patient without bias to their religion and the associated beliefs. The duty to act without bias can be found outlined in Provision 1.2 (ANA, 2015).
Notably, Jehovah Witness patients’ religious teachings prohibit their believers from Blood transfusion, euthanasia, autopsy and Artificial insemination. These medical practices are against the Biblical teachings of the Jehovah Witness since they consider them to be unholy. Further, they believe the medical interventions to interfere with God’s intentions for human life hence they disallow their followers from practicing
In the case where the patient makes their strong religious beliefs verbal to the healthcare provider they have an obligation to make certain there is no documented religious preference in their previous records or if the patient has a Living Will on file. The recent admission documentation may have been entered incorrectly or the patients religious preference many have not been transcribed. If this was my patient and he expressed his strong objections to a blood transfusion. I would have documented this and brought this to the attention of his doctor prior to the procedure. Also, I would exhaust every avenue to insure that this patient had no documents on file. The healthcare provider should feel an obligation to check all prior admission documentation available in unique situations. I believe this is incumbent that personnel make the best choice possible in sensitive cases. Also, contacting the patient’s primary care physician may offer some missed documentation concerning the patient’s religious preference. If no religious preference past or present has been documented. I would ethically have a problem with the blood transfusion based on my conversation with the
Another sociological concept for Jehovah Witnesses is norms. Some norms for Jehovah Witnesses are no sex before marriage, no gambling, very little drinking, no abortion, and no war. Sex before marriage is a major sin in all religions, but Jehovah Witnesses see it as something that should not even be thought of before marriage in any form (religionfacts.com, n.d.). Gambling is a form of greed, and should not be done. A little drinking is allowed for the Jehovah Witnesses but if they end up drunk, it is considered a sin (religionfacts.com, n.d.). Jehovah Witnesses condemn people that abort their children (religionfacts.com, n.d.). Jehovah Witnesses also refuse to participate in wars because they are not in the Battle of Armageddon (religionfacts.com, n.d.). Most things that almost all Americans do nowadays are banned from the Jehovah Witness religion like drink, sex before marriage, and gamble.
To many individuals, morality and religion are two related but distinct ideas. To be specific, morality consists of principles set by societal norms concerning the distinction between right and wrong and good and bad behaviour among persons. Alternatively, religion involves the relationship between human beings and a transcendent reality or a superhuman controlling power, God. In many societies in the past and present, the idea of God is used to help reinforce moral codes as valuable and vital through rituals and methods of presenting the teachings of God. By many, religion is used to instil fear
For many people Christianity is the religion of choice and a way of life. Jehovah?s Witnesses are one subgroup of the Christian faith. The JW religion was founded in 1872 by Charles Taze Russell. They comprise 1.2 million of the U.S. population (Campbell, Y., Machan M., & Fisher, M., 2016). They present a unique challenge to the medical community because of their stance on blood transfusions. Part I will provide a
Chapter 9: Religious Fundamentalism by Luca Ozzano After reading this chapter, I have a greater understanding about fundamentalism and the various views. Fundamentalism is found within various religions and has changed since it came about in the 1920s. Since the 1920s, fundamentalism has increased within each culture/religion. Within the reading, it is said that many want to keep the Christianity background, while other reject the thought.
If a Jehovah witness comes into the hospital in need of a blood transfusion the doctors and nurses must respect the patient’s wishes not to have a blood transfusion.
Allowing someone to die: Some religious affiliations (Jehovah’s witness) will not receive a blood transfusion. They have decided not to take advantage of medical technology to preserve life. If such person is in a life & death situation and required a blood transfusion in order to survive the choose to die vs. receiving a blood transfusion.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics, values and beliefs of Jehovah’s Witness group. It will discuss their reasoning for refusal to accept blood transfusions. The paper will elaborate on the best approach to offer appropriate care, advice and education while treating patients with respect in regards to their religious beliefs. British Journal of Nursing (2009) suggests that good, honest communication, without any element of coercion or scare tactics, is the key in the management of Jehovah’s Witness patients.
Religion, in current society, continues to hold importance and have a strong following despite many attempts to diminish this institution. Throughout the years Christianity has been able to remain one of the largest religions in the world. Unfortunately, with many followers come many different opinions and perceptions on this religion, which is why, today, there are several different Christian denominations in the world. While coming from the same base beliefs, these denominations can vary drastically and, arguably, one of the most recognized Christian denominations are the Jehovah’s Witnesses. Founded by Charles Taze Russel, Jehovah’s Witnesses are possibly one of the most different Christian denominations (Oxtoby and Segal 190).
In today’s world, religion plays a profound part in many people’s lives and they find it important to firmly follow the guiding principles of a religion. Religion has been
Religious fundamentalism refers to the
Jehovah's witnesses’ faith allows them to seek medical help; however, they do not accept blood transfusions. This belief arises from a biblical passage that states "Only flesh with its soul- its blood-you must not eat (Genesis 9:3-4), "You must not eat the blood of any sort of flesh, because the soul of every sort of flesh is its blood. I will set my face against that person who eats blood...Anyone eating it will be cut off” (Leviticus 17:10, 13-14). These passages are interpreted by Jehovah's witnesses as forbidding the transfusion of any blood products. The following presentation will address legal and ethical issues that can arise from this scenario.
Religious Fundamentalism is not a modern phenomenon, although, there has received a rise in the late twentieth century. It occurs differently in different parts of the world but arises in societies that are deeply troubled or going through a crisis (Heywood, 2012, p. 282). The rise in Religious Fundamentalism can be linked to the secularization thesis which implies that victory of reason over religion follows modernization. Also, the moral protest of faiths such as Islam and Christianity can be linked to the rise of Religious Fundamentalism, as they protest the influence of corruption and pretence that infiltrate their beliefs from the spread of secularization (Heywood, 2012, p. 283). Religious Fundamentalists have followed a traditional