There are many ways to explain how Earth and everything else came to be. Such as, Uniformitarianism, Catastrophism, Gradualism, and Punctuated Equilibrium. Generally, Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism are grouped together while Punctuated Equilibrium and Gradualism are grouped together separately from Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism. Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium are usually looked at through a biblical stand point rather than how Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism are looked at from the opposite view.
The theory of Uniformitarianism states that everything happens gradually and what we see now in the present time, took many years to become this way. It also has a natural law that says that what was happening before is
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Whewell was a scholar from the University of Cambridge. He used it to help explain evolution since at the time evolution was supported by Noah’s Ark. Since, Noah’s Ark was used as an explanation for mass extinction. There is also Catastrophism in this group and its explanation is that some of Earths features and events like mountains, valleys, floods, and mass extinctions were caused by very dramatic and harmful events. How it relates to Uniformitarianism is that Uniformitarianism is slow gradual changes like erosion, and can cause catastrophic events later on. Such as, glaciers melting, and forming tsunamis and floods, killing off species catastrophically. They are also much related because they relate to the idea of cause and effect. They are also basically anti-creationist and agree that many events have to happen over long periods of time not in all just one moment. However, there is also gradualism and punctuated equilibrium to support the creationist side. Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium explain how species go through evolutionary change. Gradualism is belief that changes occur, or ought to occur, slowly in the form of gradual steps, another topic related to gradualism is incrementalism. Gradualism supports how species go through evolutionary changes over short and longer periods of time. Gradualism is also very popular in politics, it is one of the defining features in conservatism and reformism,
Societies vary depending on region and culture, but. But all societies have the characteristics of strict conformity, intolerance for the unique, as well as perfect functionality. The society shown in Harrison Bergeron is as follows: “Everybody was finally equal. They weren't only equal before God and the law. They were equal in every which way. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. All this equality was due to the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments to the Constitution, and to the unceasing vigilance of agents of the United States Handicapper General” (Last name 1). This is the dream of society: perfect conformity and functionality. “Everybody was finally equal” (1) shows that society had finally achieved its goal of conformity.
After rebuilding an item from the Unmentionable Times, Equality begins to contemplate about his purpose and personal identity, “And a strange thought comes to us: we wonder, for the first time in our life, what we look like. Men never see their own faces and never ask their brothers about it, for it is evil to have concern for their own faces or bodies. But tonight, for a reason we cannot fathom, we wish it were possible to use to know the likeness of our own person” (Rand 21). Throughout the novel, Equality’s government forbids the community from obtaining any knowledge on their history. They force characters to live according to the way they set laws, and made it so that asking or having any information that was considered “unacceptable” was morally wrong; they claimed the Unmentionable Times were cruel times, and that they wanted to prevent such chaos again. In forcing a society to groupthink, people will never be able to introduce themselves to different lifestyles and experiences that would help them create their own opinions and values. By thinking as one, true happiness cannot be found- instead, people would simply be distracted by the routines they have adapted rather than living according to what is best suited for themselves. Without the introduction of new ideas, or anyone to initiate a change for better living, an irrational government is bound to grow.
According to Ms. Witsaman, evolution is not the theory of how life began, which is a common misconception nowadays, but the theory of how life has changed over time. Theories are predictions which are backed up by several evidences and supported by scientists. The evidences that scientists use now to prove include fossils, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryology, biogeography, and biochemicals. Fossils are the remains of living things that once roamed the Earth. Homologous structure are structures shared by different organisms that have similar structure but different functions. Analogous structures are the opposite, they have similar functions but completely different structure.Vestigial structures are
One of the main focuses of society that advocates totalitarianism is uniformity. A society such as this works towards uniformity by oppressing its population’s individuality and promotes a standardized environment. In this environment citizens are restricted in every way of life to ensure that no one has more
1. Evolutionary theory describes how populations change over time due to changes in the gene pool. There are several mechanisms that can change a gene pool and allow evolution to occur. Natural selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift are some of the driving forces behind evolutionary change. Natural selection and genetic drift are the mechanisms that decrease genetic variation, whereas gene flow and mutation are the driving mechanism to increase genetic variation. Natural selection is basically the understanding that the environment can not support unlimited population growth, and not all organisms are able to reproduce to their full potential due to trait variation. For example, a black fly may
It has also been argued, that gradualists believe that evolution proceeds in a constant fashion. This is also a myth. Both gradualists and punctuationists believe that evolution proceeds in a somewhat jerky fashion with periods of evolutionary change being mixed with periods of stasis, or no change (Dawkins, 1986). The main point at which the
Of the modes of natural selection there are three major ones however, this represents the mode Directional Selection, since that particular selection means when one certain phenotype is dominant and better suited for the environment while the other phenotypes unfortunately are not. Especially since the green Egremlins died off due to not being able to adapt to the sudden environmental change while the gray Egremlins were able to blend in and camouflage, this also means that the gray Egremlins’ population will increase and the green Egremlins’ population will
Over time, it evolved into a huge family of more than fifty species. You'll get clues to how it happened as you explore the natural selection of fictional pollenpeepers in this activity.
Talks, T. (2013, March 30). Genetically Evolved Technology: Luke Bawazer at TEDxWarwick 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BljY3_i3gfw
The four process for evolutionary change are mutation, a change in DNA. Migration, where individuals move at a time of their life. Next is genetic drift, where events cause a change in number of alleles in a populace. The last one is natural selection, a natural process where individuals adapted to their environment have a better chance of survival.
Dna is not the only place a people see evidence that the universe was programmed or coded by an ultimate designer. The complexity of the seasons and the way animals react to each other and even the ability humans have to choose and think.
Wallace’s line, located in the Malay-Archipelago, is one of the best known and most studied boundaries of zoogeography in the world. It is a transition zone between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi and the islands of Bali and Lombork, which marks both the convergence and division of the diverse flora and fauna found in the Asian (Borneo, The Philippines, and Western Indonesia), and the Australian regions (Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia, Australia, and New Guinea) (Schulte 2003). The hypothetical line was first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858 after observing many morphological differences of various bird species in the Asian and Australian regions (Raven 1935).
The ongoing scientific investigation of how exactly evolution occurred and continues to occur has been an argumentative idea amongst society since Darwin first articulated it over a century ago. The scientific basis of evolution accounts for happenings that are also essential concerns of religion; both religion and science focus on the origins of humans and of biological diversity. For instance, in the reading “Truth Cannot Contradict Truth,” Pope John Paul II, addressing the Pontifical Academy of Science, discussed the matter of God as creator of man. The Pope explains that men cannot relate to animals because men are superior. The reasoning for that is because God created humans under his likeness. What the church is saying about mankind
Biological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supported with evidence of one type of evolutionary mechanism, natural selection. Some of the main mechanisms of evolution are natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. The idea that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor has been around for
There can be many different views when we define the words of catastrophism and uniformitarianism. They can be seen in many diverse ways from person to person. In the article Dating Earth, it mentioned the background of the concept of uniformitarianism and catastrophism. People who had biblical views were considered catastrophists and were known scientists who invoked supernatural causes. Uniformitarianism is a concept that is viewed as gradual constant change, or no change at all. This view can be debatable with catastrophism which is sudden or immediate change because a small change over time that seems so constant can feel sudden at the same time. It depends how you view it and see the picture in our histories time-lapse. When we define constant we view it as a nice even flow, but sometimes the flow can be higher at times and lower which can equal to the even gradual concept of uniformitarianism while it can be viewed as a catastrophic event too because if we think about the butterfly effect that small sudden change can be so unique and make big changes even though it seemed small and equal like uniformitarianism. The Butterfly Effect mentioned how Lorenz made a small change to his systems of equations which proved to be catastrophic even though the numbers seemed very small to even make a difference. When we view uniformitarianism and catastrophism they can both be true in context, but if you view it in a diverse way to include the small changes uniformitarianism can