3. Literature Review
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this literature review is to explore the issues associated with the private rented sector (PRS), because as noted earlier, this is now becoming a very important tenure in the overall UK housing market. Approximately, 4.9 million households in the UK are in the PRS, which has more than doubled since 2001 (Paragon 2015).
3.2 ROLE OF THE PRIVATE RENTED SECTOR (PRS)
PRS can be defined as any property that is privately owned and being rented out as housing, usually by an individual landlord, but potentially by larger commercial property organizations. For the purpose of this dissertation, one of the biggest sectors of privately rented housing, owned by large companies, student housing will not be considered. The PRS is the fastest growing sector in the country and has surpassed the social housing sector (Wilson & Johnson 2013).
The PRS is one of the three main tenures in the UK housing market, next to Social Housing and Owner Occupation. The private sector declined in size over much of the 20th century from being the majority tenure prior to the First World War to the minority one about 8 decades later (David Rhodes 2006). The decline can be attributed to a number of factors over that period, an important one being rent controls, which served to reduce the returns from letting residential property thus making is an unattractive form of investment (David Rhodes 2006).
After its decline in the 20th century, the PRS is now
A housing policy can be thought of as the efforts put in by a given government to transform a housing market(s) for the purposes of achieving social objectives. In most cases, a housing policy is meant to ensure that the general population has access to a home that is affordable. For instance, the British Conservative/Liberal Democratic coalition’s housing policy is aimed at increasing the number of affordable housing units; fostering homeownership; making social housing flexible; tackling homelessness (especially for the
There is a reason for everything, and if there is no reason to do something, most people will not do it. For example, if there is no incentive to motivate landlords to upkeep their property and make it the best it can be, they will left their properties at the lowest manageable state they can get away. Rent ceiling laws are an example of how lack of motivation and incentives can discourage people from making sure their best work and resources go into their product or whatever they are doing. These laws impose limitations on the amount landlords can charge their tenants for staying in their properties. This causes the landlords to lose the amount of money they should have made on their property, and the landlords will not be motivated to
This policy brief is prepared to give some insights of the housing affordability problem in Australia. In addition, the paper also suggests some approaches in which the Government should consider in tackling the issue in the Australian context. Housing affordability always
Rent control refers to laws that limit the amounts of rent and the amounts that rent can be increased in any year. There is no statewide rent control in the US, and all the rent control laws and regulation are passed by cities. Most of the cities with rent control are located in New York, California, and New Jersey. Washington, D.C. also has rent control.
According to Jones (2008), protected tenants within the regional authority increased reduction in right to buy their homes by means of the Housing Act 1980. Previous to this act, regional authorities sell their homes along with governmental permission in 1936. Chaney (2000) mentioned that about 7,000 houses were sold in UK in 1970, which were exceeded to approximately 46,000 within 2 years. Stephens (2012) demonstrated that right to buy housing policy offers
Selling of council houses is becoming an increasing issue in the UK as people and even businesses are buying the house out. This means hundreds of family homes are now owned by private landlords or individual people. As a consequence, families are finding it difficult to find family-homes to live in.
Having worked for a large public company for a number of years, I feel we could take on many of their operating procedures to increase profit and market share. Firstly, I will begin with a comparison of public, private and voluntary companies in the housing sector.
are afraid to build any new buildings if in a few years those too will be taken
In 2008, the American population saw a large wave of home foreclosures during the Great Recession that created an economic crisis that displaced millions of homeowners. Unable to recuperate from the terrible financial situation, these persons found comfort within the rental property industry. These previous owners, unable to purchase new homes, began renting property and living as tenants, contributing to the 4% growth record of the rental industry as published in a study that was conducted by Harvard University. With the growth of this industry, rental property owners began to devote more of their time to the development and marketing of their rental properties. These owners began providing lower rates for their properties, and they began making improvements that allowed them to increase the net profit that they received. With the continual “boom” of the industry and the popularity that it is receiving due to young adults needing places the live, rental property owners need an effective program that allows them to oversee their properties and communicate with their tenants.
Mr. Alexander is new to the property management arena and has no experience with multi-family dwellings. Due to our clients limited capital he cannot afford to hire a property manager. Because Mr. Alexander will also be working his normal full-time job, and doing the property management as a ‘side-job’ the ability to manage multiple subcontractors will be highly inefficient and could lead to disgruntled tenants and higher vacancy rates.
This study suggests that property owners should review their authoritative positions in the rental business and should be more involved in the responsibility of
A place to call home, a concept that much of society aspires to. A home is a sanctuary, a place to raise a family; home after all, is where the heart belongs. However, does the notion that a house is make a house any less of a home than a house that is owner occupied? Housing policy during the latter part of the 20th century began to shift towards owner occupation. One policy in particular completely changed the face of housing, it brought about the biggest shake up in housing history. The Conservative Government’s ‘Right to Buy’ scheme or ‘Council House Privatisation’ as written in (Baldock, Mitton, Manning & Vickerstaff, 2012), formed part of the Housing Act 1980, the then secretary of state for the environment, Michael Heseltine, stated "This bill lays the foundations for one of the most important social revolutions of this century” (Jones, 2011). Therefore, this essay will answer the question can the “Right to Buy” policy as introduced
We all experience issues regarding an encumbrance on our property once in our lifetime. It might be when we want to purchase a house, rent it to live in for uncertain time period, sell our property, or rent out to some other party. In all such cases, many issues arise for which many factors can be held responsible, including market value; behavior of buyers, sellers, renters, tenants, landlords; policies of housing associations, environmental hazards, locality, and government legislations (Peppercorn & Taffin, 2013). Renting and buying is one of the biggest issues in real estate that not only the associations have failed to overcome but the government also seems helpless in this regard. Rhetorically, it involves finances, location, legality, etc. However, these social and legal factors then cause serious problems for the two parties involved in such agreements and contracts.
Focus of the real estate sector has shifted towards the student accommodation sector because of the shift in the demand of the land market in the UK. Shortfall is present and international demand is increasing because of the international students. Analyst suggests that this is a counter cyclical, but in this case the yields come when the crisis in credit is present. This sector is the strongest asset sector in the UK today. This is the safest investment opportunity in the country.
Under the circumstances, the Chinese public sector could benefit from involving the private sector into the development of public housing. So the existing public housing problem maybe relief by implementing the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, which could help the Chinese government control the urgent situation and develop PPP housing in this complex political, legal, and financial environment (Huang and Tao, 2014).