What kind of society and culture did the Indo-European Aryans create? Include aspects of technology, social structure and religious beliefs.
The Aryan invasion had great impact in the civilization of India. The Aryans brought civilization, horses, cattle, their language, and their rituals and Gods. The Aryans introduced agriculture among darker skinned Dravidians. Aryans were astronomers and astrologists, mathematicians and engineers. The Aryans were a light skinned people and they came from the Mount Ararat/Caucasus Armenia region. The Indo-Aryans are the ethno-linguistic descendants of the Indic branch of the Indo-Iranians.
The Aryans also brought the use of the wheel, many technological artifacts unknown in India before their arrival.
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Earliest records of the Indo-Aryans people are in the Rigveda. The Indo-Aryans inhabiting northern India, the bearers of the Vedic civilization are sometimes called Vedic Aryans, precursors of modern Hinduism. The separation of Indo-Aryans proper from Proto-Indo-Iranians are commonly dated, on linguistic grounds, to roughly 1800 BC. The Nuristani languages probably split in such early times, and are either classified as remote Indo-Aryan dialects, or as an independent branch of Indo-Iranian. It is believed that by 1500 BC, Indo-Aryans had reached Assyria in the west and the Punjab in the east.
The Aryans brought a completely new language and belief system to India. There was a dramatic discontinuity between the Indus valley civilization (4000BC-2000BC) which buried its dead and had a script which is still not deciphered and the Vedic Period which spoke Sanskrit, the world's oldest indo European language and cremated their dead. Cremation is a very common way for passing humans within today’s society also.
Cremation was started for the health of the people after deadly wars. Using a crematory burial allowed for an expedient burial of the loss warriors, and quickly became a popular option for
Imagine being haunted with the cruel remarks about something you could never change about yourself. You don’t necessarily like that feeling, or the people who say that, right? The Aryan Nations were people who could make you feel this way; they primarily and harmfully attacked blacks and Jews, followed Hitler, made church leagues, and often committed crimes.
Similar to the Roman Empire the Persian Empire stretched across vast lands without any serious rivalry. At the height of the empire it stretched across, not only, Asia, from the Aegean to the Indus River, but also included part of the continent of Africa. We get the word, Persia, from the Greek word Parsa meaning, “Above reproach”. The Persians unlike most other Empires would be ruled under a benevolent ruler. This would bring a large amount of cultural diffusion to the Empire. The empires history is separated into three historical periods: Old Persia (600-300 B.C.E), Middle Persia (300-800 B.C.E.) and modern Persia (800-Present). The height or the Empire was reached around 500 B.C.E. (Ancient and Medieval History
The First Persian War took place at the Battle of the Marathon near Athens and it was known as one of the infamous battle between the Athenians and the Persians. In 501 B.C.E., a Greek tyrant named Aristogorus provoked the Persian rulers by instigating an uprising in Miletus and Ionia to revolt against the Persian Empire. In order to ward off the Persian Empire’s wrath, Aristogorus reached out to his compatriots on the mainland in Greece of Athens and Sparta. “Sparta refused, but Athens sent twenty ships-enough just to anger the Persians, but not to save Miletus.” Nevertheless, the Athenians conquered the Persian’s capital of Lydian in Sardis in order to steal the golds, but they accidentally ended up burning down the richest capital of Sardis.
At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people.
It was established by Ardashir I and its capital was at Ctesiphon. It was within the bounds of Achaemenid empire. It placed weighty influence on Iranian culture after stamping out the Greek cultural influence. It was stabilized and successful and many technological improvements were produced.It was ruled by a single king of kings who ruled many smaller kings who were controlling parts of the empire as well. Its social system was comparable to the India’s caste system and there were four social classes; the priest, warriors, secretaries, and commoners. Their prominent religion was Zoroastrianism.
Today the society is looking for ways to ease life and to find solutions for problems which oppress our lives and make it hard to live through. Because of many reasons, the traditional burials in this century are becoming a problem. (Prothero,2001). The fact that they cover a lot of land to build cemeteries and other things that are attached to these traditional burials is enough for us to search for a practical solution. About a century ago the term "cremation" was unknown to many people. It is believed that it began to be practiced during the early Stone Age and still exists today. Since that time cremations have been made all
Mohammad Reza Shah governed Iran for thirty-seven years. Because of the political chaos triggered by foreign infiltrations at early phase of his authority, the developments processed slowly hence little constructions took place. However because of increase in oil profits and political relations’ stability later, construction activities commenced increasingly
Ataturk and Reza Shah were two leaders who looked to modernized, westernize and industrialized their countries. Additionally, both promoted the idea of a nationalism and a secular state. Ataturk was an army officer who founded the independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. In the eyes of his people he was a hero to them because he was able to give the Turks a state of their own. Ataturk began many political changes that would eliminate many Arabic elements. He sought to remove the old ties to the past and realign their country with that of western values and customs. His reform program sought to break the power of the Islamic religion. When the caliphate was abolished in 1924, no longer would people do things
In ancient Greece, burying the dead was paramount because each step of the ritual was essential once the dead person reached the Underworld. For example, the coins that were placed in the dead person’s mouth were used to pay the ferryman who would help the soul of the dead to cross the river Styx (Lang & Amos, 2010). If
Globalization is defined as the ‘world becoming a small global village’ where all countries merge into a mosaic of one multicultural free communication of information village. Yet, if globalization is supposed to enhance the relationships between different cultures, making the whole world one nation, it drastically fails, due to the many differences between the world’s nations. Iran is one example of a country nation that has been detached from the global structure. With all the studies that have been made on Iran, the 1979 Revolution caused the West to treat Iran with great bias, in a similar fashion to the prevailing bias against the entire Eastern region. Iran has since been
The Bakhtiari and Assyrian cultures, in will be compared and contrasted in this paper. The Bakhtiari are a tribal society, who came about in 1300 BC and have been existing ever since (Howarth 1976). The Assyrians were a state-level society, starting in the beginning of the second millennium BC and met their end in 626 BC. These cultures did not exist at the same time, and is key in understanding their topics of comparison. In this paper, the points of comparison are their ways of sustaining life: how they provide food, how they live, and how their environments play a part in their societal structure. I will then conclude the paper with a summary on the past presenting itself today—within today’s Bakhtiari society and within the region of the
The first traces of human settlement in the region date back to the prehistoric period, circa 9000 BCE Persians have survived millenniums of invasions and conquests. Persia was a powerhouse of academic knowledge in ancient times with leaders in astronomy, medicine, mathematics, literature and philosophy. They have left behind not only intricate art objects, but also tools used for smelting and refining pottery, as well as making wine. One of the recent archaeological discoveries claims that the earliest and oldest archaeological finding of winemaking and production comes from an area in Persia called Hajji Firuz Tepe, a Neolithic village site in northern Iran (Ladjevardian 1999, Berkowitz 1996, Ayatollahi 2003, Kessler Associates 1999, BBC
The Illyrians are the ancestors of today’s modern Albanians, and were an Indo-European people. This group first migrated into the area between the Adriatic Sea and Sava River during the Middle to Late Bronze age circa 2000-1200 BC (Harding, 1992:17; Srejovic, 1998:14; Stipčević, 1977; Wilkes, 1992:37-39). The Illyrian domain would grow to cover the western Balkans, between the Middle Danube valley, and the Adriatic Sea (Harding, 1992; Wilkes, 1992:92). Today this expanse is made up of, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and of course Albania. The Illyrians began to populate much of this region during the Middle to Late Bronze age circa 2000-1200 BC (Harding, 1992:17; Srejovic, 1998:14; Wilkes, 1992:37-39). Even though the term Illyrian referred to a single tribe, it soon became synonymous to all who were similar both culturally and linguistically (Srejovic, 1998:14). Their language is distinctive from Greeks, Macedonians, and the Thracians, which is beneficial when identifying the various Illyrian districts (Harding, 1992:16;
Cremation has become very popular in the last few decades. People choose the cremation process for a number of reasons but predominantly monetary and the concern for the environment, it may be noteworthy to planners that 13% of persons say that “saving land” is the reason they would choose cremation Basmajian,
Bordering along the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea lies the country that was once Persia until 1935, Iran. The official language of Iran is but not limited to Persian. Also spoken in Iran is Azeri Turkic and Turkic, Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Gilaki and Arabic. Iran’s population includes Persians, Kurds, Lur, Baloch, Azeri, Arab, and Turkic tribes. Islam is the dominating religion with around 99.4% of the population being Muslim. An Islamic Republic was formed in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown. A theocratic system was then created by the conservative clerical forces which dictates that the laws of the land as being secular and based on Islamic law.