Investigating the Effect of Discomfort on Reaction Time

All the p-values are greater than 0.05, therefore there is a statistical difference between each transect.

6. Why is the black line so much more variable than the red line? What 's the difference between the data they show?

If the observations listed below are considered the normal parameters (range) for adults, identify and list Frank’s abnormal observations?

Following classical conditioning the data show a decrease in variability and in the latency between stimulus presentation and the response. There is also a change in trend from increasing to no trend.

1. Form hypothesis: Do you think you will react more quickly to sights or sounds? Explain why.

The standard Deviation comparing both sets of data only shows a slight difference on the numbers (a difference of only 1.38187054), but in the histograms both show a huge difference on the frequencies of each data set, but shows a similarity on the cumulative percentage. Data set #2 seem to be more stable even though the grades of the student were lower than data set #1. Data set#2 shows a relative stability in regards the frequency on the histograms, when comparing the frequency histograms data set #2 has more frequency on number two’s than data set #1 on frequency on the number three’s. In this case Data set #2 shows a normal distribution behavior.

Our experiment was simple, yet painful. It involved us pressing a clothespin nonstop, for 3 minutes and 20 seconds. Every 20 seconds, we had to tell our partner how many times we pressed the clothespin. Each person did this 4 times, twice with each hand. One time, we were also listening to fast-paced music, in hopes of distracting us from the pain. The experimental control was a prior experiment. In which we pressed the clothespin like I explained, but without any music. So we kept the clothespin, the people doing the experiment, and allotted time the same during both experiments. Our independent variable was the addition of music (distraction), while the dependent variable was the muscle fatigue in

We conduct an independent sample t-test using Excel, and obtain the following output (see t-test-height)

For example, it is physically impossible for your brain to do multiple assignments simultaneously. According to Karen Bradley, the brain “switches gears, which takes time, reduces accuracy, and inhibits creative thought” (Document D). Therefore, the brain is less efficient working on multiple tasks than working on them sequentially. By rapidly shifting between different gears in your brain as you multitask, you are wasting time and prolonging the job. What should take you an hour to complete, will take you twice as long to finish when you multitask.

The reaction timer from Maths Is Fun (2014) is specific to three decimal places. The accuracy of the chosen source reduces the risk of statistical measures being slightly greater or less than they would be if only one or two decimal places were provided. Unlike other reaction timers that are available online, this particular source requires the subject to complete five trials before the mean is calculated. Undertaking multiple trials will be vital to this investigation because if the subject was to anticipate the event or have one delayed response, the trials that follow would reveal such errors, therefore increasing the reliability of the results.

The reaction time (RT) of students was measured in the experiment to determine whether light or sound stimulus initiates a quicker response time. The question of whether or not RT was related to movement time (MT) was also challenged. Each student performed two test in random order; one testing the reaction time of a red light stimulus, or visual reaction time (VRT); and the other testing the reaction time of a “beeping” sound stimulus, or auditory reaction time (ART). The student completed the VRT trial by simply receiving the stimulus and pressing a button. The student placing and holding their hand on a button starts the ART trial. Once the student receives the stimulus (beep) they press the adjacent button as fast as they can. The ART trial does not only include the data of the RT, but also the data from the MT. Having previous knowledge that light travels faster than sound; one can predict that VRT is faster than ART. The prediction that MT is independent upon RT can be made with the thought that there are so many opposing variables that could affect the MT of an individual unrelated RT such as old age

The first article about the Theory of Comfort was published in 1994 by Kolcaba. In 2001,

In Experiment 1, words that were labeled as aggressive had a reaction time that was 9 milli-seconds(ms) faster than the non-aggressive words. In Experiment 2, instead of words they used pictures of guns and plants and animals. Participants named the aggressive pictures 5ms faster than the non-aggressive ones, after being exposed to plant pictures. However, when being exposed to pictures of weapons the reaction time was 11 ms faster (Anderson pg. 311-313). Meaning that the exposure of guns in the classroom would make the brain react drastically versus an environment where no guns were present.

Reflexes are the neurologist’s window to the brain – yet our knowledge of some reflexes is still limited. Startle is an ubiquitous brainstem reflex to sudden, intense stimuli, but it is not clear how basic psychological processes such as attention or motor planning influence the startle reflex or whether it serves as an interrupt or facilitator of concurrent actions. Combining classic experimental and novel neuromodulatory techniques with the measurement of oscillatory brain activity, this project will fill these knowledge gaps. This knowledge will inform the development of physiologically based theories of cognitive function and the design of interventions to reduce the negative effects of sudden, distracting events.

Hook: Everyone thinks that multitasking is good for the brain and that everyone should want that skill. Well unfortunately studies proven by scientist at the institute in Paris Santé et de la Recherche Médication found that the brain splits into two, basically splitting the attention. It was said that at the most someone can do two things at once depending on the ease of the tasks. The reason being for this is due to the two frontal lobes of the brain designed to help someone with tasks.