The purpose of this paper is to document the phenomenon of intimate partner violence (IPV) through empirical research. It includes sources of data and statistics from the official government agencies of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey of 2011, and the National Incident Based Reporting System. In addition, it addresses the social distribution of the phenomena across time and space by the national, state, and rural/urban locations as well as its distribution across social groups including sex, race and age.
Measurement of the Phenomena
Two of the major government agencies responsible for publishing data on intimate partner violence is the Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Often times changes occur when it comes to the specific acts that should be included as part of the terminology of the definition, as well as the specific relationship types that might be classified as intimate. Therefore, it is important to update the definition of IPV considering these changes. With the grounding of this definition, the CDC is able to publish consistent data on intimate partner …show more content…
Approximately 4 out of every 10 women of non-Hispanic Black or American Indian or Alaska Native race, 43.7% and 46.0%, and 1 in 2 multiracial non-Hispanic women, 53.8%, have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (NISVS, 2010: 3). In addition, almost half of American Indian or Alaska Native men and almost 4 out of every 10 Black and multiracial men experienced rape, physical violence and or stalking by an intimate partner during their lifetime. Of all forms of IPV, the majority of female victims reported that their perpetrators were male (NISVS, 2010:
As cited in Rizo & Macy (2011), research found that Hispanic IPV survivors were more likely to turn to female family members for support (Dutton, Orloff, & Hass, 2000; Yoshioka, Gilbert, El-Bassel, & Biag-Amin, 2003; Zarza & Adler, 2008). However, these women often hold back from stating their violent experiences with their partner to their family. According to a study on IPV and social supports, 25% of Latinas asked for support from their partner’s family (Yoshioka et al., 2003 as cited in Postmus, McMahon, Silva-Martinez, & Warrener, 2014). The outcome did not favor the victim because the family would be supporting the abuser. Hispanics who were born in the U.S, who have encountered situations with partner violence, sought aid with formal sources as opposed to immigrants (Ingram, 2007; Lipsky & Caetano, 2007; Lipsky, Caetano, Field, & Larkin, 2006; Rodriguez, Sheldon, Bauer, & Perez-Stable, 2001 as cited in Rizo & Macy, 2011). As mentioned earlier, immigrant women are a lower risk to report to a formal source because of their fear of deportation. As a result, individuals who are in an abusive relationship are caught between the conflicts whether to report or not because of the pressure of informal supports (Rizo & Macy,
The data covering Intimate Partner Violence in the United States (U.S.) is staggering and given that not every case is reported even more so.
Throughout the world, we hear many stories about individuals being victimized, and individuals who have are the perpetrators. Also, many of these news segments are based off of headed situations between intimate relationships. Many relationships become this way because of stress about work, paying bills, past circumstances, and much more. There are many micro and macro level risk factors that pertain to victims (prior history of intimate partner violence, female sex, and youth), and perpetration (anger issues, low self-esteem, low income, and depression). “These factors are some of the very important factors that shape victimization and perpetration in intimate partner violence” (Seccombe, 2015, p.318).
Why IPV was associated with sexual risk taking at baseline, but not one year follow-up, warrants further study. One possible explanation is that individuals in violent relationships may have difficulty negotiating condom use while those relationships are ongoing, as a result of likely power differentials between partners, but these effects may not generalize to future relationships that are not characterized by
Before taking this course on family violence, I had an idea what was Intimate Partner Violence. I have always believed that Intimate partner violence involves only married couples. I had also thought that violence between a married couple consider the only force of using physical abuse only. Fortunately after reading about partner violence, I have learned that there was more than just one type of abuses. For example, I never thought that sexual abuse could happen between a couple. In addition, I learned that intimate partner violence does not consider only married partners but also partners who have same sex genders, and are unmarried.
With homicide being an important subject, that specifically lacks accurate information when it comes to intimate violence, a study was done to see the global prevalence of such crimes. Using specific terms, screenings were preformed on male and female victims that were murdered. Included in this screening, their province or country were taken into account. The goal of this study was to see the highest prevalence of intimate partner homicide.
To begin with, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been around for a very long time and it is still a present issue in the United States. There are many forms intimate partner violence such as, sexual, physical, emotional, and psychological. IPV occurs among all religious, socioeconomic, and cultural groups in the United States and other countries. As many people know intimate partner violence tends to come with consequences after the damage is done to the victim. Intimate partner violence does not just happen out of nowhere where the perpetrator thinks they have the right to be violent towards their spouse. The issue of IPV is connected to the cycle of violence in ways that it gives you an idea as to why the perpetrator thinks they have the right to hit the victim. In many cases not only do they think they have the right to due such thing but also feel like they have control over their spouse and have a mindset that they own them and will do anything just to keep them. Often the perpetrators feel guilty for being violent towards their loved ones that they come to a point of being apologetic and doing anything in their power to keep them. This author believes that intimate partner violence is a big issue and for many victims it is hard for them to escape the relationship. The victims go through so much in staying in the relationship that once they decide to definitely leave the relationship they end up suffering consequences and seeking available resources to
This section will discuss the topic intimate partner violence against women as discussed by other scholars and authors. Various books will be analyzed to understand the topic better. The section will also explain the main issues independently analyzing different literature and will also discuss the similarities and differences. The issue has emanated a lot of public concern as more young women continue to suffer in silence with the fear of speaking out against their partners. Some women, however, are courageous and have opted to speak about the issue in public without fear of being judged or criticized. Careful analysis of the different books will help to determine the different perspectives that different authors understand
Before taking this course about family violence, I had an idea what was Intimate Partner Violence. I have always believed that Intimate partner violence involves only married couples. I had also thought that violence between a married couple consider the only force of using physical abuse only. Fortunately after reading about partner violence, I have learned that there were more than just one type of abuses. For example, I never thought that sexual abuse could happen between a couple. In addition, I learned that intimate partner violence does not consider only married partners but also partners who have same sex genders, and are unmarried.
It is believed that a large part of the population is in risk of this type of victimization (Giardino, 2010). With the health care community taking more interest in this issue, new screening tools have been developed to guide in the victim’s safety and find a way for them to leave the relationship (Giardino, 2010). In addition, intervention programs have been developed for the purpose of decreasing the risk of perpetrators from re-offending. There is an estimated 5.3 million IPV cases among woman that have occurred each year in the United States (Giardino, 2010). Two million have resulted in injuries and 1,300 deaths. It is more common for females to be victims of IPV but there has been cases where the victims are male or transgender. They are either married or single, involved in a heterosexual or same-sex relationship, and are members of any ethnic or socioeconomic group (Giardino, 2010). The myth of victims being poor, uneducated women is false. There is controversy in regards to the race and economic status of victims of intimate partner violence. There is no relationship between IPV and race, economic status, or educational level (Giardino, 2010). According to the National Violence against Women (NVAW), the ethnic groups of women most affected by IPV are American Indian, Alaskan Native, African American, and Hispanics
In the United States, approximately 1.5 million women report some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) each year and of those an estimated 324,000 are pregnant (Deshpande & Lewis-O'Connor, 2013). According to Deshpande and Lewis-O’Connor (2013), IPV is defined as abuse that may be actual or threatened by an intimate partner that can be physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional in nature. It is important for health care providers to realize IPV does not only include physical or sexual abuse but also includes name calling, financial control, constant criticism, and isolating women away from their families and friends (Deshpande & Lewis-O'Connor, 2013; Smith, 2008). There are 3 phases of abuse tension building
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of abuse that occurs between people who are involved in a close relationship. “Intimate partner” is a term that is used to include both current and former spouses as well as dating partners. IPV exists along a continuum that ranges from a single episode of violence through ongoing battering.
According to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), in 2003 to 2012, domestic violence accounted for almost a quarter of all violent crimes committed. According to the same survey conducted, only 55% of those domestic violence crimes were reported to the police. Based on a study that was conducted on past domestic violence crimes, there was a decline of domestic violence from 1994-2003 but in recent years, depending on the type of intimate partner violence, each either had a small increase or stayed the same (Truman, 2014).
The history of Intimate Partner Violence is a long one much longer than many are aware of. It used to be an accepted part of many cultures that as the head of the household the many could use whatever means necessary to keep his family in line. Still in some cultures intimate partner violence is accepted behavior. In a majority of the industrialized world engaging in intimate partner violence is not acceptable yet it is still widely occurring. The occurrence of this form of violence has evolved over the years and now both men and women may be victimized. It is important that individuals take the time to educate themselves about the topic and the resources available if they or someone they know ever be in a situation that may require such
The definition of intimate partner violence, which is commonly referred to as domestic violence, can be psychological aggression, physical violence, forced acts, sexual violence and economic or financial abuse by an intimate partner from the present or the past (Wilson, Graham, & Taft, 2014). During the 1960s, law enforcement officers and judges viewed intimate partner violence as an insignificant crime and cases would never make it to the court rooms (Clark, 2011). This type of aggression was seemingly a common practice among many households across the nation and was viewed as a tool that men utilized often in an attempt to correct their partners. On many occasions, officials would just tell men to calm down and tell the women