Intimate Partner Violence Essay

“For example, the relationship may be a current spouse, a former spouse, a family member, a child, parents of a child in common, unmarried persons of different genders living as spouses, intimate partners of the same gender, and dating relationships” (Findlaw). These definitions identify that victims may not be exclusively women, and domestic abuse may not just occur between heterosexual couples. The types of behavior frequently encountered in domestic violence are physical attacks, sexual attacks, psychological abuse, and the destruction of

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to examine prior research that analyzes how being exposed to intimate partner violence can affect child development. The article presents research conducted during the infancy through 2 years of age, 3 to 6 years of age, 6 to 12 years of age, and finally 13 to 18 years of age. Through each age category, different areas of health and development are measured. These areas include: physical, social and mental and cognitive development.

Arroyo, K., Lundahl, B., Butters, Rob. Vanderloo, M., & Wood, D.S. (2017). Short-term interventions for survivors of intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(2) 155-171.

There is a preconceived notion that all families are a “great big happy family”, unfortunately this is entirely false for a hand full of families; not all families are filled with love and joy, a few possess a very dark side (Sev’er, 2014, pp. 273). This dark side is the violence that occurs within the family, whether it be child abuse or domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as violent or aggressive behaviour within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner (Oxford Dictionary). Although there are instances where women are violent, Kimmel and Holler (2011) state “most family violence is perpetrated by males - husbands beating wives, fathers hitting children, sons hitting their parent, boys hitting

BRIEFING NOTE FOR THE MINISTER: REPORT ON IMPROVING THE QUAILTY OF HELP FOR VICTIMS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PURPOSE The purpose of this note is to inform the Minister of specific recommendations to address a pressing public health problem impacting our community; intimate partner violence. BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is violence between current or former intimate partners. This violence transcends all socioeconomic, religious and cultural groups.

In order to understand the intricacies within relationships, a comprehensive definition of intimate partner violence must first be recognized since recent research has found to produce incongruent determinations of such. Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, is the physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological abuse of a current or former intimate partner. An intimate partner is one with whom there has been a relationship, current or former, including spouses, cohabitating couples, dating relationships, family members, and same-sex couples. It was only recently that acts of violence against an intimate partner were criminalized and remedies sought by victims through court approved action (Carlson, B. E., & Worden, A.

Without denying that there is partner violence in all social strata, the author concludes that there are factors linked to the social structure and social area that contribute to a greater frequency of the problem. It should also be noted that the factors that contribute to partner violence may be the same as those that determine violence toward strangers. Although it implicitly assumes the role of political economy in the generation of structural contexts. Moreover, in the case of the couple, the traditional distribution of functions, pointing out that in the case of men, power deficits, and control and a devaluation of living conditions in impoverished communities, are high-risk factors for violence against the spouse or partner.

Domestic violence dates back to the beginning of time, but has only really made an impact within the last one hundred years. Domestic violence can be defined as “any use of physical or sexual force, actual or threatened, in an intimate relationship” and can include a single act, or a reoccurring act amongst the victim and offender (Edmonton Police Service). Although men are affected by domestic violence, most people “assume the male batterer/female victim paradigm” (Hanna). This is understood through rates of victims of domestic violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of abuse that occurs between people who are involved in a close relationship. “Intimate partner” is a term that is used to include both current and former spouses as well as dating partners. IPV exists along a continuum that ranges from a single episode of violence through ongoing battering.

Research shows that over eight million children living in American homes witness intimate partner violence (IPV) (Hamby et al. 2011). These young American children are at the greatest risk of being exposed to IPV than are older children (Fantuzzo and Fusco 2007). IPV has been defined as psychological, physical, or sexual harm that is inflicted by a current or former partner spouse. This violence can range from a single incident to chronic and relentless abuse (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014). Witnessing IPV can be severe effects on these young children later in life including being at higher risk to abusing substances, (Smith et al. 2010), as depression (Graham-Bermann et al. 2009) and posttraumatic stress disorder

Domestic violence has many facets and in no two relationships will it appear the same. According to the American Psychological Association, violence is defined as “an extreme for of aggression, such as assault, rape, or murder,” (American Psychological Association, 2015). Also called intimate partner violence, domestic violence “occurs across age, ethic, gender, and economic lines, among persons with disabilities, and among both heterosexual and same-sex couples,” (American Psychological Association, 2015). Kamimura et al. state, “ Intimate partner violence is a significant health problem often resulting in acute and chronic physical and mental health problems that can lead to hospitalization, disability, and death,” (Kamimura et al., 2014).

Domestic abuse in the United States is a large-scale and complex social and health problem. The home is the most violent setting in America today (Lay, 1994). Sadly enough, the majority of people who are murdered are not likely killed by a stranger during a hold-up or similar crime but are killed by someone they know. Not surprisingly, the Center for Disease Control and prevention has identified interpersonal violence as a major public health problem (Velson-Friedrich, 1994). Current estimates suggest that three to four million women are the victims of physical abuse by their intimate partners (Harris & Cook, 1994). According to the FBI, some form of domestic violence occurs in half of the homes in the United States at least once a

Domestic violence has had a traumatic affect on the lives of millions of people in the United States alone (Carretta, 2010, p. 28). Bryant Furlow (2010) states that domestic violence is any physical, psychological or sexual abuse endured by a current/former spouse, intimate partner or simply anyone who is abusing another family member. According to Furlow (2010) domestic violence incorporates elder abuse, child abuse and intimate partner violence. Although domestic violence can affect all members, a majority occurs between current/former spouses or cohabitant partners (Daigle, 2013, p. 132).

The notion of managing the movement of ships through a shore-side radar station is ordinarily acknowledged to have originated in the port of Liverpool in 1949. In 1956, the Netherlands built a radar station procedure for the surveillance of port traffic at the Rotterdam. As VTS developed and spread in Western Europe, the business well being of the port was the stimulus for new or extended administration (Maritime and Coastguard Agency, 2012). This posed a sharp contrast with the U.S. experience where the first Federal (Coast Guard) VTS was an outgrowth of a 1968 examination and improvement venture in San Francisco Bay called Harbor Advisory Radar. It was participation and advisory activity in the framework was voluntary. Because it was voluntary, few vessels offered to give free support to VTS administration (Freestone & IJlstra, 2010).

Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic context, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Intimate partner violence is domestic violence against a spouse or other intimate partner. Domestic violence can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships. Domestic violence can take a number of forms including physical, emotional, verbal, economic and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse that results in disfigurement or death. Globally, a wife or female partner is more commonly the victim of domestic violence, though the victim can also be the male partner, or both partners may engage in