Paper One: Assertiveness
Distinguishing Between Assertive, Aggressive, and Passive Behavior
Daniel R. Ames, author of “In Search of the Right Touch: Interpersonal Assertiveness in Organizational Life” (2008) for Current Directions in Psychological Science, defines assertiveness as:
… a spectrum of interpersonal behavior that emerges when two or more parties’ interests or positions are in, or seem to be in, conflict – ranging from avoidance or passivity to accommodation and yielding to firm pursuit of personal objectives to aggression and combativeness. (p. 381)
Simply stated, assertion remains a wide-standing range of possible interactions during a moment of misalignment between a minimum of two individuals. Assertion is the avenue through
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Notwithstanding the benefits of consistency in leadership ethics, character, and reliability, assertion stands apart in that developing a suitably applied range, creates longer term organizational success. Leaders with masterful assertiveness skills create safe environments which allow: self-expression by all levels, confronting issues directly, honesty, and sensitivity (Robbins & Hunsaker, 2012, p. 26). “Assertiveness facilitates more effective interactions because it lessens defensiveness, domination, putting down other people, wishy-washiness, and similar dysfunctional behaviors,” (Robbins & Hunsaker, 2012, p. 26).
Scott Edinger, author of “The One Skill All Leaders Should Work On” (2012) for the Harvard Business Review highlights the benefit of balanced assertive leaders as a magnification tool for other strengths (para. 1). Looking beyond the goal of balance, Edinger (2012) argues that more challenges are created through a lack of assertion than too much (para. 2). Namely, individuals that are not inhibited to voice their opinions – right, wrong, or indifferent – are at a minimum understood; whereas silence creates a potential interpretation of alignment. Assertiveness for leaders creates a communication channel which fosters relationships, creates
Assertive— people develop positive relationships with others, as they will try to consider other viewpoints as well as presenting their own viewpoint in a clear way. This can lead to better self-image and reduced stress.
In Interpersonal Conflict, Wilmot and Hocker reference Rahim’s (2011) model of five different conflict styles: obliging, avoiding,
One of the first conflicts in the film causes a bigger conflict in later years and later in the plot between the same characters. A conflict is defined as "Conflict is a fact of human life. It occurs naturally in all kinds of settings. Nations still struggle, families fracture in destructive conflicts, marriages face challenges and often fail, and the workplace is plagued with stress." in the textbook "Interpersonal Conflict" by Wilmot. Meriam-Webster defines conflict in three ways. Firstly a war, fight or battle. Secondly "competitive or opposing action of incompatibles :antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons)" or "mental struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands". Lastly "the opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the
The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. Leadership has a huge impact on the culture of an organization and how people communicate within the organization (Northouse, 2009). The actions of leaders should inspire and positively impact their followers. The approach of leaders in handling adversities highlights many features of their character.
The United States of America is one of the greatest countries on this earth. Since the day it was founded, many men and women died while building this country into the nation it is today. But there is a problem that threatens America today and it is illegal immigration. The definition of an illegal immigrant is a foreigner who enters the U.S. without proper authorization. Especially a person who crosses the border to avoid inspection. In the year 2014 there were 11.1 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. according to the Pew Research Center. Many immigrants come to the U.S. in search for a better life. About fifty-two percent of all
The desire to satisfy the concerns of others, which shows itself in non-assertive behavior. These represent two behavioral dimensions and provide the basis for conflict-handling modes.
How many interpersonal conflicts have you been in today, this week, or even this month? Do you even know which conflict styles you normally use when faced with a disagreement? Furthermore, this analysis shall reflect on my particular conflict styles, with an in-depth look at possible benefits of knowing the conflict styles I tend to incorporate, and how behaviors change based on a relationship and the environment.
Hocker, J. and Wilmot, W. (2014). Interpersonal conflict (9thed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Behavioral scientists Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann, who developed the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, have identified five styles to responding to conflict—competition, collaboration, compromise,
At the core of all conflict analysis is perception (Wilmot & Hocker, 2011). In interpersonal conflicts, people react as though there are genuinely different goals, there is not enough of some resource, and the other person actually is getting in the way of something prized by the perceiver (Wilmot & Hocker, 2011).
Interpersonal conflict is described as “an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, or interference in the achievement of their goals (Beebe 221). As with many other things, people have developed some myths about it. One of the interpersonal conflict myths is that it indicates a relationship of poor quality. This is, however, incorrect because the conflict can instead demonstrate the complete opposite. An example would be when a couple is arguing about what to eat for dinner. Such a disagreement can show that there is a supportive environment between the two of them. Both people feel comfortable enough to voice their differing opinions without the fear of being negatively
The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) was originally developed by Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann in 1974 (Kilmann, 2013). The TKI assesses a person’s behavior when they are confronted with a conflict situation. For their work Thomas & Kilmann define conflict as any situation when the concerns of two people appear to be incompatible (Thomas & Kilmann, 1974). According to the TKI when a person is in a conflict situation their behavior will go along two dimensions. The first dimension, on the y axis, is assertiveness, a person’s attempt to
There are four distinct conflict styles which are the levels of assertiveness and cooperativeness that are employed by a person in a conflict situation. Everyone has their own individual conflict style; my own style tends to be accommodating. This means that I am not very assertive and I am very good at cooperating with those I am in conflict with. In this essay I will examine each conflict style and my own choice of style and why I tend to default to this style. I will also examine whether or not my choice of the accommodating style is the best approach to resolving conflict, and discuss the advantages of learning to use each of the styles in specific situations.
For decade’s individuals, companies, and organizations have spent an unprecedented amount of money on researching, molding, modeling and working to define what a leader is and what characteristics make successful leaders. Despite all the research, there is not a quick answer or even full agreement as to what makes an individual an effective leader. The definition of a leader is “someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority.” (Robbins, Decenzo, Coulter, 2015. P.370)
Bova (2008) states that the following four characteristics are found in good leaders: they believe in open communication, they do not stick with the status quo, they are selective in what they measure, and they have passion for values and culture. Each characteristic is essential to a healthy organizational culture. When an employee feels he or she has open communication with a leader, they are more inclined to share if problems arise whether or not work related. Non-work related issues may eventually take a toll on an employee’s performance at work. However, with open communication, an employee feels comfortable in apprising the leader of a situation so that future problems are avoided.