International Law

“Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 and invited states to sign and ratify it”

Every business organization has a social responsibility in ensuring that the environment it operates in is protected. Many companies have identified that they have a major role to play in protecting the natural habitat and ensuring that business is not only about making profits. Some organizations are setting aside funds that are developed in the protection of the environment while other organizations are setting a tree-planting day as part of their annual calendar. Companies have legal and ethical responsibilities that guide the organization in making sure that the environment is taken care of. The natural resource depletion and the environmental pollution have led to conservation groups setting rules that govern the company in utilizing natural resources.

International law is defined as a set of rules that countries follow in dealing with one another. Since there is no world government, there is no

Prior to World War II, visions of human rights were gradually increasing, however the world was not an amiable home for minorities and impoverished people. Documents that

In this essay I will be critically analysing an article and report on the relationship between Australian law and International law, reflecting on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and whether it ensures the safe guard of human rights for future generations. I will then analyse whether this promotes peace and equality internationally.

　　Figure 1. A simplify list of human rights created and accepted as an international issue after the Second World War

Despite the recognition accorded to the Human right by national constitutions, these rights were sometimes violated or eliminated by legislation or by some arbitrary means. Moreover, human rights which had their status as legal rights, were sometimes violated by States too.

Shortly after the end of World War 2 and the founding of the United Nations, the UN General Assembly recorded thirty rights all people should have. Ranging from employment, to health and wellbeing, to family and education, the majority of countries give their people these rights. But no government is perfect, as all countries skip a few of these rights in their laws, even the United States. If someone had no knowledge about the last few years and they took a quick look at a newspaper or a news channel, the world may seem peaceful, but this is far from the truth. For the last few years, war has driven millions of people from their home countries and the US refuses to grant many of these people asylum.

This caused a huge problem and challenges to the Human Rights defined by the United Nation (Statement of Human Rights 1947 Week3 Reading page 73). Some challenges where coming from non-western leaders found the human rights works against their policies and rules. In some cases it caused direct conflict with their culture and society in particular because they have specific culture or rules,such as Muslim critique and their believes in man vs. woman rights, the way of marriage, change of religion,

International Criminal Law can be described as a public international law. It deals with international and transnational crimes among the member states. The International Criminal Laws are designed to forbid some kinds of conducts or behaviours generally viewed as very consequential atrocities. These laws also make sure that the perpetrators of such heinous criminal conducts are accountable for their acts. Mainly, the International Criminal Law deals with war crimes, genocide, crimes of aggression and the crimes against humanity. Besides, the International Criminal Court (ICC) governed by the Rome Statute, which is a multilateral treaty and serves as a foundational and governing document of ICC. Another way, it can be described as an intergovernmental organisation and international tribunal. The ICC is the headway through which International criminal law develops since its inception. It is situated in The Hague in Netherlands. Currently, there are 122 states which are parties to the Rome Statute, by ratifying the Rome Statute, states become member states of the ICC. The International Criminal Law (ICL) has been started performing with Nuremberg Tribunal for War Criminals after 1945. Actually, the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials addressed war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity committed during the Second World War@. The International Military Tribunal sat in Nuremberg, which prosecuted Germany perpetrators while the International Military

According to ICRC, International human rights law is the body of international law intended to advance human rights on social, provincial, and residential levels. As a type of worldwide law, global human rights law is fundamentally comprised of arrangements, understandings between sovereign states to have restricting lawful impact between the gatherings that have consented to them; and standard universal law, guidelines of law got from the predictable direct of states carrying on of the conviction that had the law obliged them to act that way. Other worldwide human rights instruments while not lawfully restricting add to the usage, comprehension and improvement of universal human rights law and have been perceived as a wellspring of political obligation.

The United Nations is widely regarded and respected as the most powerful institution that promotes international cooperation and human rights action. In theory, actions implemented by and within the United Nations are based on the mutual global goal of protecting international human rights and preventing human sufferings. These actions are constituted through three main mechanisms: the Treaty-based system, the Human Rights Council, and Security Council and Humanitarian Interventions, with the level of confrontation and seriousness in each mechanism increases respectively. While aimed to serve the mutual goal of protecting human rights over the world and have shown some successes, in a world of sovereignty, actions when implemented are in fact grounded by the national interests of each state, including embracing its national sovereignty, concreting its strategic relationships with other states, and enhancing its reputation in the international community. This paper will analyze the successes and failures of each of the three mechanisms of the United Nations regime, through which it aims to prove that when it comes to actions, states focus more on their national, and in some cases, regional interests than on the mutual goal of strengthening human rights throughout the world, thus diminishing the legitimacy of the whole United Nations system.

What are the requirement(s) found in the U.S. constitution governing the President’s ability to enter into treaties with other countries, i.e. international legal agreements?

The International Criminal Court in Den Haag, known as the ICC is the first, and only, permanent international tribunal focused specifically on international crime. Originally established in 2002, the ICC was established with the responsibility of investigating, charging, and prosecuting individuals suspected of ordering or committing genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

Both international law and human rights law work towards establishing some grounding to maintain a sense of peace within and between nations. However, they also have differences between them such as what their regulations apply to, and how they are applied. The main differences between international law and human rights law is that one is intended to govern the relations between independent states, whereas human rights law are intended to maintain the standards without which people cannot live with respect to themselves. As written by scholar Celina Romany in her text called “Women as Aliens: A Feminist Critique of the Public/Private Distinction in International Human Rights Law,” neither international law nor human rights law are likely to recognize, secure or actualize human rights for all humans. In her text, she particularly addresses women and how they are the “paradigmatic alien subjects of international law”. This statement can be reinforced by various aspects of systemic inequalities that women face, thus proving the insufficiency of human rights law in recognizing, securing and actualizing all human rights for all.