Influenza Virus Mutate

1.With a mutated influenza strand emerging each year new vaccines must be made to properly protect against them.

Influenza viruses need to infect host cells in order to replicate. Most flu viruses are destroyed by the innate immune mechanisms involving components such as macrophages, interferons and natural killer cells, however some manage to avoid being detected by these early defence mechanisms and so are eliminated by the adaptive immune response.

As I have stated earlier Abigail wants John Proctor, She and John proctor had an affair in his household as she served them in it. She was so desperate she tried to kill John Proctor’s wife basically using witchcraft, aka drinking blood. Betty says, “You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor!” (919); Abigail already has a bad image going for her since she was fired from her job for “no reason”. If we are counting the girl already has a terrible reputation, she had her fun with a married man but after getting kicked out, but she is STILL pursuing him. You are young there are many single young men out there, get something better to do with your life, you are out here letting people

Our culture is full of Television, radio, and newspaper advertisements. On average, each of us is exposed to over 5000 advertisements everyday; and all advertisements are forms of Propaganda. Propaganda is defined as “information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.” Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, contains many different examples of how propaganda is used to persuade or influence the behavior of the characters. One of the most commonly used types of propaganda in Animal Farm is Transfer.

Describe two innate (nonspecific) immune responses that might prevent an influenza virus from causing any noticeable infection, even if the virus enters your respiratory passages.

No matter the technical, or medical advances that evolved over the years, nevertheless if an outbreak as powerful as the Influenza was to occur again in the United States it would still be just as bad as the first epidemic. With the first epidemic being massive enough to take out an estimate of fifty to an hundred thousand people in the matter of months, compared to the other epidemics that were just as harmful, but fatalities were not as high as the Influenza. Being aware of this

Throughout history, influenza viruses have mutated and caused pandemics or global epidemics. In 1890, an especially virulent influenza pandemic struck, killing many Americans. Those who survived that pandemic and lived to experience the 1918 pandemic tended to be less susceptible to the disease.

Influenza is caused by an RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family (that consists of the genera influenza A, B, and C). Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics almost each winter within the United States. Influenza type B infects humans only, therefore it is unable of undergoing a mutation. Pandemics are caused solely by influenza A strains. The emergence of a new and completely different influenza virus to infect people will cause an influenza pandemic. Influenza kind C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and aren't thought to cause epidemics (Duncan, 2013).

Influenza over the years has mutated so many different times that it is hard for scientists to keep up with new and updated versions of vaccines to keep people protected. The Flu for some people can cause major complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis because the Flu attacks the respiratory area, but most people who get the Flu will recover in a few days or up to a few weeks. The 1918 Spanish Flu was the worst epidemic that ever hit the world and the contributing factors of the millions of death were that there was no such thing as vaccines or antibiotics to fight off infections. The side effects were so severe that doctors misdiagnosed Influenza as a different infectious disease, and this specific Flu killed more people than the plague.

In America there are numerous killers that have shocked the nation, but one killer in particular had the world completely dumbfounded. It was the ‘Craigslist Killer’ who would have many people asking questions and wondering why a soon to be graduate from medical school would commit such evil acts. With graduation right around the corner and wedding plans to make with his fiancé, he seemed to have the world at his feet. So who is the ‘Craigslist Killer’?

For lack of better words “Influenza is a nasty little bugger”, it can make you sick for up to a week and it leaves its victim lying in bed until their better; but nowadays we can get a simple vaccine to keep this pest at bay, but back in the day it wasn't this simple. Influenza spreads very fast, that hasn't changed, but how we deal with it has. When influenza was first a major problem spreading from an Asian to a European environment it had many opportunities to continue spreading, and it did. This was because of the many trade routes in the areas, and the growing population in both areas. Influenza continued its expansion by making the host cough and sneeze spreading it through the air. Influenza was not a unique pandemic, but many others

Flu viruses are always changing and mutating. After about two weeks, the flu vaccine itself causes antibodies to develop in the body. Those antibodies provide protection against

There are there types of influenza A and C or the most severe types and B which is the most common, Luckily not the to severe. The virus works by first attaching to the outside of a host cell. It injects its RNA into the cell. Unfortunately our cells treat the RNA like they should. It translates the viral genes using the cell’s ribosomes and enzymes. Now the virus can take the cell over and use it to reproduce more viruses. Sooner or later it releases the new nauseating viruses and they search for another cell to raid.

Researchers have created new strains of the influenza virus that wiped out 10’s of millions of people back in 1918. This was done so researchers could better understand how the virus mutates. Research was suspended up to 2012 due to concerns of accidental release and threat of terrorist turning the virus into a biological weapon. The research has also shown that the virus can easily mutate into a new strain that can cause another pandemic. This source shows that even the research of virus brings alarm to accidental release and potential for usage as biological weapon.

Influenza is one of the most contagious illnesses caused by airborne viruses. I can lead to mild or severe illness and even death. Influenza can come suddenly and is marginally different to a ‘Cold”. The virus can cause infections of the lower respiratory tract (lungs) and the upper respiratory tract (throat, nasal). Influenza is disease that may cause symptom such as the following; fever (high body temperature), sore throat, muscle or body aches, cough, Headaches, runny or stuffy nose, fatigue/tiredness (CDC, 2016). it belongs to “Orthomyxoviridae” family of infections, “myxa” meaning ‘mucus’ in Greek. There are three major types of influenza that may also be addressed as different terminologies, such as flu