Indentured Servants In Colonial America

“Indentured servitude declined over the century, and most of these domestic servants were now either free women or slave women” (Coryell, pg. 104). Those who worked in a servitude role were indentured servants, who had the ability to work a number of service years in order to earn their freedom and they would be given a small plot of land, afterwards, to continue to thrive. Eventually, in order to compensate for the growing American need of lower overall costs to purchase labor workers, longer time in servitude, and to decrease the need to give land lots, the term of indentured servant changed to slave, which limited potential freedoms and humanity. This demand for labor changed the owner and slave relationship. “Owners began providing minimal clothing and food. Owners viewed all of slaves’ labor as their own” (Coryell, pg. 105). By forcing a dependent relationship, owners were able to maintain their

At first Africans were not slaves but servants. Anthony Johnson is an example of African servant who acquired lands and servants (even white servants) after he managed to become free. Due to development of famers in America tobacco in particular settlers needed more labors, and since lands were limited and most of former indentured servants were not able to receive a land, so they were did not want to go back to work, settlers saw African as a good opportunity for cheap labors. Since Africans were not England citizen, they had no rights to claims, as a result, settlers were able to work them for their whole life. Slavery became profitable especially in Virginia, soon rules were made to make slavery legal, and took away any rights that slaves had. Based on the documentary, for a Virginia plantation it was more profitable to work a slave to death and buy a new slave than let slaves to work in a humane condition. Another reason for development of racial slavery was Englishmen projected slaves as aliens and inferior, as Blight stated “as an outsider”, in different factors such as: color, religion, and

Before the 1680's, indentured servitude was the primary source of labor in the newly developed colonies. There were

Slavery was caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Planters primarily relied on indentured servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. Before the 1680's, Indentured Servitude was the primary source of labor in the newly developed colonies but after the 1680's, the population of the Indentured Servants decreased, exponentially. The Seventeenth century in Virginia was an unruly and rebellious time as the labour force, being both white and some black servants, was becoming more and more disloyal.

Indentured servants were used in early colonial times as a means of passage to the new world. The cash crops of the early settlers were exhaustingly labor intensive. In fact, U.S. History (2015) indicated that “the growth of tobacco, rice, and indigo and the plantation economy created a tremendous need for labor in Southern English America” (p. 1). The technology did not exist at the time for machinery that clears the ground and works the land as it does today. The work had to be done by hand; from clearing and prepping the fields to harvesting the crops, it was all manual labor for which the new land did not have ample supply of.

"Once a man has tasted freedom, he will never be content to be a slave." (Disney, 2016) Laborers were needed for the cultivation of crops in America so that the British empire could expand and remain victorious. The Bacon's Rebellion was a prominent event; Africans took the place of indentured servants and became the only laborers in America. Slavery has been in existence since the beginning of the history of humans. North American slavery was based on agricultural endeavors. This resulted in large numbers of laborers under the power of one person. "Prejudice by itself did not create American slavery" (Foner 132, 2014). Economic, social, and cultural factors played pivotal roles which created slavery in America.

Soon this need for cheap labor was replaced with a need for even cheaper labor. Slavery filled this need, but when Africans arrived to America in 1619, the colonists initially treated them as indentured servants. It was not until 1641 that the first slave codes were passed in the colony of Massachusetts and 20 years later in Virginia, marking the

Therefore, creating a growing class of men who were landless and jobless. All the indentured servants that outlived their contracts had the knowledge to create and run their own plantations to make a profit of their own, whether they were provided freedom dues or not, this created more tension and competition in the new world economically. Freed indentured servants started to cause more problems with Native Americans and in the colony as a

The purpose of having indentured servants in colonial America was to populate and build a new world. Male indentured servants were under contracts to learn certain set of skills such as being a carpenter [13], a sawyer [4] or wheelwright [2]. These jobs moulded male indentured servants primarily to be physical labourers especially farmhands which required little to none literacy skills. All they needed to know was how to finish their given labour. Therefore, for male indentured servants, even though the literacy rate was very low, education was not of great and primary concern.

A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country is known as an indentured servant. The servant would become a free man after their debt was paid off. The indentured servant played an important role in the American labor scene from the early seventeenth century to the third decade of the nineteenth century (Heavner 1). Many regions of colonial America had issues with obtaining a big enough labor supply to get work done. Indentured servitude was an initial solution to this problem developed by the Virginia Company and used throughout the British colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Galenson 9).

The shift from indentured servitude to racial slavery in the British North American colonies didn 't occur all at once. Instead, the transition was much more uneven, spreading across different colonies at different times, and triggered by various unique historical incidents. However, two themes show up consistently in the transition from indentured servitude to race-based slavery. First, as more and more indentured servants became free, the wealthy planter class began to perceive these newly freed men as a threat. Indentured servants acquired land at the end of their term, and were able to compete economically with their former masters. To quell this economic threat, the wealthy class began to prefer a system of lifelong servitude, e.g. slavery.

The slave trade in the North American colonies began to grow in the 1600s. The African slave trade sourced their slaves from many different West African villages and countries. The business of slavery was a growing and profitable field, not only for the slavers, but also for the slaveholders. With the decrease of indentured servants, settlers in the English colonies looked for a new source of labor to satisfy their growing labor demands. The next source was Africa. “By the 1690s slaves outnumbered indentured servants four to one” (45). Europeans largely disregarded the ethical dilemma posed by slavery due to the European view of Africans and their culture as uncivilized, foreign, and heathen (44). The largest forced migration in history (44)

Despite being held at the bottom of the social pyramid for throughout colonial times, the labor of the colonies would prove to be far from useless. While vast, open land was turned into numerous plantations in the colonies by rich planters, the plantations could not purely be run by their owners, creating a great need for labor. This lack of labor would eventually be solved through the use of African slaves, but after the first shipment of slaves to Jamestown in 1619, few were purchased due to high prices for an extended amount of time. The planters, however, would be able to fulfill their need for labor through English indentured servants. Through the use of indentured servants, basically free labor was provided to land owners, while

The servants lacked both food and clothing which weakened them and made them more prone to diseases. Both Richard Frethorne and Elizabeth Sprigs wrote to their parents, informing them of the harsh conditions they experienced as an indentured servant. Frethorne described the pitiful scene of four grown men having to share a piece of bread and asked his father to take him home or at least send him food. Similarly, Sprigs also grieved over the fact that there was only corn and salt to eat. Based on what the two servants described, one can

During the 1600s, a developing Virginia experienced a severe labor problem resulting in a societal shift from a limited number of slaves to a society that became predominately powered by unpaid slave labor. The three factors associated with the shift in labor in the 1600s were attributed to the necessity for labor, cultivation of cash crops, and politics. Due to the major shift in the colonial workforce, the Chesapeake and Southern colonists with European and African descent became accustomed to extreme prejudice and divide.