In 2015, an estimate of 36.7 million people was living with HIV and 1.1 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses (_). AIDS is a severe disease that causes the human’s immune system to become weak. Once the human body’s immune system is damaged, the body is more susceptible for infections. The most terrifying part about this entire ordeal is that scientist have yet to find a permanent cure for HIV/AIDS. As time progresses, scientists have been able to understand the illness even more and created treatment/medication to allow a person living with HIV/AIDS to an extended lifespan. However, to truly understand HIV/AIDS one should learn of its origin and how the human body’s immune system usually deals with virus infections. A …show more content…
This discovery allowed scientist to conclude that HIV was created through a genetic mutation of the SIV. How the SIV migrated into a human host will never be known but a common theory was that a man hunted and ate a chimpanzee, allowing the SIV in the chimpanzee to enter into the human’s body. Another acceptable theory was that the chimpanzee’s blood may have seeped into the hunters wound during his hunt.
Aside from getting HIV from chimpanzees, HIV can also be obtained through unprotected sex, using an unsterilized needle, childbirth, breastfeeding, or blood to blood contact. Once inside the bloodstream the HIV virus will infect certain white blood cells, primarily the CD4 T cells. The HIV’s outer envelope consist of glycoproteins that mutates frequently, causing the CD4 T cells to not recognize the virus as a threat (_). The CD4 T cells will then allow the virus to bind its GP120 onto the Help T cell receptor/coreceptor, also known as CCR5. After binding to its host cell the virus transmembrane (GP41) will then pull the virus closer to the host cell, ultimately allowing the virus to fuse into the host cell. Once fused, the virus nucleocapsid will then enter into the cell and release two viral RNA strands and three replication enzymes: reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. The virus will then replicate and migrate to other white blood cells, infecting and killing the cells. HIV infection will advance through three stages
It is seven forty-five. There are still a few precious minutes until bedtime. My younger sister and I have already dressed for bed, but our plot is to drag out every second we have left before eight o’clock. Only one thing remains for us to do to accomplish our mission: read. We beg our parents to read to us, and they, as predicted, agree. The two of us sprint to our shared bedroom in order to stare at the bookshelf. Two toddlers find it difficult to the correct book. We must choose a book that both of us will enjoy, we must choose a book on a shelf that one of us can actually reach, but most importantly, we must choose a lengthy book. So we, of course, choose the longest two books we can reach. I snatch a treasury of children’s stories, and my sister selects a treasury of Dora the Explorer stories. Never had we read either one of these in one sitting, but we regularly tried to push the boundaries just a bit farther.
In the 1920's, HIV crossed from chimps to humans. There is evidence on how, when and where HIV first began to cause illness in humans. HIV is a type of lentivirus, which means it attacks the immune system. In a similar way, the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) attacks the immune systems of monkeys and apes. There is even a theory on hunters, in the Democratic Republic of Congo eating monkey and transfer the virus. These well-known diseases, travel from Africa, Kinshasa to the United States. Started off being called GRID also known as gay-related immune deficiency introduced to united state in 1981. This disease has taken 121 healthy gay man lives in the U.S. since the mid-1970s. Scientists began to notice clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and
The five key aspects of theoretical orientation to development include: psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavior and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. Each one of these happen to contribute an important piece to the life-span development puzzle. Although some of these theories may contradict the others they all work together to make us understand the things that happen throughout life. Together the coincide to let us see the total picture of development and the great things that come along with it.
When it comes to gun control, a considerable number of people assume it is the guns that cause the deaths that mass shootings and firearm crimes see. However, there shall never be a direct focus on the firearms themselves, but instead a focus on those who are using said weapons. Take a moment to stop and ask yourself, will a handgun kill somebody if it is just sitting on a table. No, that will never happen, to cause a gunshot to go off a being has to handle the firearm. The last thing needed in America is for mentally unstable people or a convicted felon/criminal being the one behind the trigger. Mistakenly Americans want control on the guns themselves, instead of also controlling the people buying the arms. Which the way to manage who gains access to weapons is to simply make the background checks more vigorous. Along with background checks, make new stipulations on who can buy and handle weapons and keep track of all gun sales, this includes private dealers.
It is proven that the source of the HIV virus was from a type of chimpanzees located in West Africa ("Where Did HIV Come From?"). The chimpanzees carried a virus called simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) which is similar to HIV ("Where Did HIV Come From?"). It is thought that when it was transferred the humans it mutated into HIV ("Where Did HIV Come From?"). The disease was transferred to humans by hunting the chimpanzees and eating the meat off of them ("Where Did HIV Come
Scientist believe that HIV came from a chimpanzee in Central Africa HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. The chimpanzee transmitted their version of HIV, called simian deficiency virus (SIV), when humans would hunt and eat the meat of the chimpanzee or come in contact with its blood. Over time the virus slowly spread across Africa and other parts of the world. HIV has existed in the United States since at least mid 1970’s. To contract HIV it will usually come from contact of any bodily fluid or the engagement of sexual intercourse. HIV destroys the body by attacking the body's
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, comes with a long line of history and theories. One of the most common theories of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the hunter theory. The hunter theory explains the belief that the HIV virus came from chimpanzees. It is believed that the virus came from infected chimps being hunted and killed. It expresses that the virus was spread through then eating the meat of the infected chimp meat or by getting the blood of the infected chimp into wounds or cuts. The theory states that the original virus found in these chimps known as the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), mutated when it got in contact with the human body and evolved to the HIV virus we know today. Another common theory is the contaminated needle theory which states that African healthcare workers were giving different sorts of vaccinations with the same needle. It was believed to have spread through one of the patients given a vaccination with HIV which was then spread to many others with the use of the same needle.
The first verified case of HIV is from a blood sample taken in 1959 from a man living in what is now Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The sample was retrospectively analyzed and HIV detected.” (History of HIV and Aids.) After the sample was brought into scientist attention, they found a similarity in HIV and Aids. “The area also had a growing sex trade around the time that HIV began to spread. The high population of migrants and sex trade might explain how HIV spread along these infrastructure routes. By 1937, it had reached Brazzaville, about 120km west of Kinshasa” (History of Aids.)
Once measured as a death sentence, the disease known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is now classified as a chronic disease. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that is caused by the human virus known as HIV. HIV damages the body’s immune system by destroying the fighter cells, which helps the body fight and kill harmful organisms and disease. The symptoms are treatable, but no cure has been found. This virus has displayed the proclivity that society does not care about color, sex, age, or religious beliefs. This only makes finding a cure a full-time job for the whole world. Some individuals in society believe that there is a cure for this disease, but
Historically, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is thought to have mutated from the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that is found in
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that cause initial HIV infection and, as the virus proliferates in the body, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV affects the immune system by exploiting, and, eventually, destroying a specific kind of immune cells. That allows for the gradual deterioration of a person’s immune system, which ultimately causes death from minor opportunistic infections, which are normally perfectly curable and generally do not cause major consequences for health. HIV has a limited range of transmission ways. It is only transmitted through the direct contact of body fluids, which include blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk [1]. This means that most of the modes of transmission include activities that are moralized by the society, such as intravenous drug use and sexual contacts [1]. However, it can also be transmitted through “innocent pathways”, such as during breastfeeding (mother to child) and blood transfusion. HIV is a very young, still poorly understood virus. It was first clinically observed in the summer of 1981 in San Francisco, where it was spotted as a type of sarcoma, mostly spotted in the gay population. Huge misunderstanding of the disease in the beginning of the global epidemic was prevalent [2]. Back then, a general sentiment about HIV was that of a “rather devastating outbreak” [2] and of association of this disease with homosexuality and drug use (to the point of declaring the disease not
According to The Aids Institution, scientists believe that a type of chimpanzee in West Africa was the source of HIV infections in humans. The earliest known HIV infection in humans was later detected in blood samples and it suggested that the root of the virus originated from chimpanzees. They believe that when humans hunted chimpanzees for meat and became exposed with their infected blood, a virus called simian immunodeficiency was transmitted to humans and then mutated into HIV. As time went by, the virus spread into other parts of the world and unfortunately became a nationwide epidemic. Researchers believe that HIV was introduced through the chimpanzees infected blood as people hunted the chimpanzees. The infected blood became the root of this retrovirus, which now is a life-threatening virus that affects the immune systems of humans.
Hello, today we are discussing HIV and AIDS. This disease is known as a severe decline in one’s immune system resulting in a decreased ability to resist infection and malignancy. A lot of people ask what the difference between HIV and AIDS is. HIV is the virus that causes the disease AIDS. With this being said, I will now discuss some objectives that that will be covered throughout this lecture that I hope will help guide you as well as help you have a better understanding of the progression of this disease (Welcome to AIDS.gov, 2009).
The virus originated in sub-Saharan Africa, passing over from a troop of chimpanzees to individuals in the 1930 's this might have been from contaminated meat or a bite from a pet (Rogstad, 2011). A mixture of worldwide travel, suburbanisation, contaminated body fluid, sexual promiscuity and intravenous drug use (IDU) may have produced a mounting pandemic (Rogstad, 2011).
AIDS is an extraordinarily serious disease and scientists have failed, thus far, to find a cure. AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, develops from the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV (“What is AIDS” par 3). HIV is not the same thing as AIDS; HIV merely turns in to AIDS after a certain amount of time (“What is AIDS” par 4). HIV is also not a curable disease. HIV is a special type of pathogen, known as a retrovirus. This virus has to attach to a host cell in order to live and spread. What makes AIDS so deadly is that it targets the body’s lymphocytes, the cells that normally fight off infection (Nolen 4). Lymphocytes have CCR5 and CD4 molecules on their surface, when HIV enters the body, it attaches itself to these molecules. (Nolen 4). Once the virus has attached to the