In an attempt to increase trade and prove itself as an economic and military superpower, the US began to expand overseas and increase its military size; the US believed in International Darwinism and saw these actions as an expansion of Manifest Destiny which led to imperialism. People like William H. Seward pushed to annex Midway Island and purchased Alaska to expand the size of the US. However, imperialism became a controversial debate among the American people throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Expansionists and Jingoists like Theodore Roosevelt wanted to protect and gain control of other nations including Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam, whereas anti-imperialists such as William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and …show more content…
As the president who is an assertive imperialist, known for his “Big Stick” policy, and the governor of New York, Roosevelt believed the Filipinos were also unfitted to govern themselves unless they had the supervision of the US, and he criticized those who believed otherwise as stated in Document 5. During Roosevelt presidency, he truly believed the US was powerful and needed to exercise its international police power that he issued a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine to ensure European nations did not interfere with nations in the Western Hemisphere, so he took on the job to collect debts from Latin American countries including Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Furthermore, to further his belief in US overseas expansion, he funded a Panamanian revolt to overthrow the Columbia government all to help the struggling nations and to acquire the Panama Canal. However, not every supporter of imperialism believed in wanting to educate and civil other nations. In Document 1, E. E. Cooper, an African American who supported the Spanish-American war, wrote to the African American readers of the Washington D.C. newspaper that fighting in the war will show white Americans their patriotism and allow them to be accepted back home. In other words, if the African Americans fought with the white soldiers in the war, they might receive the same respect and rights as the whites back …show more content…
For example, in Document 4, during the conclusion of the war, Jane Addams, a social reformer who established the Hull House in Chicago, criticized the Spanish-American War to an audience who supported social reform. She discusses how this war does not bring peace but only more violence back home to the American people, and Adams believed that such hatred against the Spaniards was inhumane and against the US’s morals. Other people like William Jennings Bryan were against imperialism because by annexing the Philippines, it will lead to further problems for Americans and hurt America’s status. In his presidential speech, while campaigning to become president, which occurred after the Spanish-American War, he was against annexing the Philippines. He believed that American’s cannot force their ideals on Filipinos, for they follow a Republic, not a Democratic government. Jennings further believes we cannot represent both the US and the Philippines equally since race became a big issue for the US. During the Philippine-American War, the US did not view Filipinos as equals; the US forced them into concentration camps and invaded the Philippines, which only lead to additional problems overseas. Similar to Jennings’ views, William Graham Sumner, a Yale University who opposed imperialism and the Spanish-American War, told affluent students at Yale University the US should care more about the
British imperialism had a negative impact on the economy of india because the British made trade links and because of train tracks that were made for their own benefit. “Both nations benefited from the trade links that were firmly established in the 17th century” (Lalvani). Hand woven fabric exports from bergal to britain fell by half in a 20 year time period (Document 3). This shows that indians did not benefit because the british just sold their fabrics and made people lose jobs because of it. The British built 10,000 miles of railroad track and 136,000 bridges (Lalvani). The railroads, however, were used to extract the crops of india and forced indians to be adulterated (Shaw) goods from england. They might have built the railroads but they
The United States has a very long history of military actions that helped expand its power in both peacetime and war to a much higher status. After independence, the United States took military control of the North American continent, acquiring territory from the native peoples, and from other countries such as Britain, France, Mexico, and more countries. Not only seizing territory but also offering help to any allies who needed it. The Roosevelt Corollary written by Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, is a great example of how the expansion of American influence has spread throughout North and Latin America, and also Asia. In the corollary, it basically says that if a nation cannot help keep up with its standard, as well as having chronic wrongdoing, the intervention of the United States will have to occur. Mainly this document is speaking to Latin America and the Caribbean /Central America.
What role did Imperialism play in shaping U.S. foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
The conflict was between the imperialists and the anti- imperialists, who were both in America and the Philippines. Imperialism is when one supports the annexation of another. In this case, America annexing the Philippines. Document A was written by the Platform of the American Anti- Imperialist League. This group of individuals thought poorly of imperialism and that it was wrong to take over others. According to this document, it states in the first paragraph, “... extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands. This is saying that by annexing the Philippines, we are forgetting all that happened when we broke free from Britain as rebels. If we did this, it would be extremely hypocritical. Also in Document A, the anti- imperialist platform
The supporters of overseas expansion were nothing if not nationalistic. They believed that the United States was so prosperous that its central mission should be to help other “lesser” countries. A prominent example of this is the acquisition of the Philippines, where the United States believed the Filipinos needed American intervention because they were “unfit for self-government” (Document 3). The supporters regarded the role of the United States as an emerging world power and based their beliefs towards overseas expansion off of this. Using this logic, supporters of overseas expansion, including Theodore Roosevelt, sometimes
Imperialism is a factor that has transformed societies and nations over the course of history. In the past, nations such as France, Great Britain, Germany, and Spain have been categorized as “imperialistic” nations. These nations referred to advanced technology as power. The industrial revolution and increase in new technology gave them the idea to want to spread their ideas to other countries around the world. This involved taking over nations and building colonies to benefit the mother country.
The Spanish-American War served to epitomize the imperialist sentiments inherent to American society of the late 19th century, as it was driven nearly entirely by jingoism and a large degree of sensationalism. When examining this war, many often conclude that it was the result of the pressure placed on McKinley by multiple expansionists within Washington - that such men as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were, perhaps, the primary cause for this imperialist endeavour. However, upon deeper inspection it appears to be that such men can not be noted as the sole, or even most responsible, factors in initiating the conflict. For it seems that the evidence is more supportive towards the notion that the general attitudes of the public were mostly to blame, and therefore, the cause of the war must lay with the sensationalistic “yellow-journalism” - which had grown rampant in that period - as the underlying cause of the Spanish-American War. Basically, as shall soon be demonstrated, it appears to be illogical for one to deduce that the pressure expressed onto President McKinley by his imperialist counterparts should be held accountable for the Spanish-American War.
American Imperialism became relevant in the United States government and has influenced American foreign policies. American Imperialism has effected the foreign policies in a negative way for both Americans and the countries who agree to our policies.
They also used the Spanish conflict to gain control of other Spanish lands in the Latin Americas, Puerto Rico and Guam to expand their economy by searching for new markets abroad. For instance, the Americans looked to expand into the east in the 1890s to access raw materials and to export over produced goods to help the American economy. The annexation of Hawaii on July 7, 1898, was an effort to create a stronger economy because it was considered the ‘’crossroads to the Pacific’’ so by annexing Hawaii the, the Americans were able to gain access to other countries such as the Philippines which they purchased for 20 million dollars displaying motives of expansion. In 1901 when the Filipinos wanted independence the US refused which led to the killing of 50,000 to 200,000 Filipinos in a war between the Philippines and the USA which suggests that the motive for the war in the Philippines was to keep their economic influence and to show the great military power of the US. This was not uncommon in American foreign policy as they also went to war in Vietnam to uphold their values of capitalism but unlike in the Philippines, it was unsuccessful. Therefore, Vietnam was typical of US foreign policy as the events in the Philippines gave the US confidence to intervene in other Asian
The significance behind the entire document is that not all americans wanted to annex the philippines. Many Americans did not what the Philippines annexed because the phillipian people did not want america to take over the land but America proceeded to force the filipino’s to accept the American government. American troops were in a foreign country and we were losing american lives over land. The Anti Imperialist voice was not heard enough because the document never stopped the American government who pursued forcing the Filipino people to give America rule over their land.
In analyzing the causes and effects of United States Imperialism from 1870 to 1916, one finds that there are three main factors. These major factors of United States Imperialism in this time period are: Hawaii, the Spanish-American war, and Theodore Roosevelt. In this time period Hawaiian islanders were very happy to live traditionally, but Americans were not content with the traditional ways of the Hawaiians (Buschini, n.pag.). Even though America seemed to be on the road to imperialism with Hawaii, the Spanish- American war actually set the United States on the new road of Imperialism (The Spanish American War n.pag.). Theodore Roosevelt played an important role in the United States road to imperialism in the 1870 's while serving as
Also, Social Darwinism had been a huge influence to many Americans, which led them to believe that the United States had a responsiblity to bring industrialization and democracy to less developed nations. Many American leaders, such as Theodore Roosevelt, thought that the ticket and key tool for imperialism would be a powerful naval presence, his, “big stick” that would rival any great European power. Through necessity of resources and war with Spain, the United States would free Cuba, annex Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Annexation had a pronounced affect on the citizens of those countries, more so in the Philippines. As we know the United States engaged in imperialism to promote their influence of democracy to new parts of the world. The United States believed they had a responsible to police the Western Hemisphere, but the United States’ decision to engage in imperialism was much more than
Imperialism occured thanks to various different aspects. Numerous aspects have contributed to the start of imperialism across the whole world, however greed is thought of being the main motive for the dawn od imperialism. The period of imperialism was when powerful and economically dominant countries have ruled inferior countries. The global method of controlling an inferior country has not changed during the period of imperialism, however tactics have evolved and the dominion over an inferior country has changed. The nature of a human being is to be better than the rest and one will do anything for this, in the case of imperialism countries have been greedy for emerging as the uttermost powerful country in the world. Europe has been the originator of imperialisim, since then several different countries have participated in this process of controlling countries. It can be said that no person wants to harm millions because the other
United States, a time called the Meiji Period caused newly learned ideas to change the Japanese
Being an IR student, one gets to learn many different terms and theories that one will carry all through ones educational path. Some terms tend to stick more than others. The term that suck towards me has been, Imperialism. Imperialism is link to possibly every theory and example that might be given by ones professor. The term imperialism is used to describe the past expansion of power by a nation, such the British Empire, Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Great Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere by the Japanese, the term is also used to describe ongoing tension between nations or the cause of said tension.