Expected life span has been increased over the decade with advanced medicine, sophisticated medical technology, and healthier lifestyles. Moreover, development of vaccines for numerous infectious diseases and implementation of immunization program in early childhood have reduced number of infectious disease such as rubella, polio, and small pox. Public health effort in providing vaccination to public has contributed greatly in diminishing the number of infectious disease. Hence, vaccination program of measles has been effective and less than 150 cases were reported annually (Thompson, 2015). However, recent measles (Rubeola) outbreak in California and New York caused to evaluate effectiveness of vaccination program and its rate. …show more content…
Safety and effectiveness of vaccination are greater than therapeutic treatment. Efficacy rate for vaccination reaches 90% to 100% based on the research data (Carrillo-Marquez & White, 2013). The hypothesis for this research proposal is that delay or refusal of vaccination causes in recurrence of eliminated infectious disease and increase the risk of higher prevalence of infectious disease outbreaks in children and public.
Combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods would require to be utilized. Quantitative research derives from evaluation of numerical and statistical data that can be analyzed and calculated in comparison. Qualitative research portrays descriptive and experimental context of research data, which involves the psychological and behavior related data. Identification of cause in vaccination refusal and delay leading to reoccurrence of infectious disease is essential for understanding and providing appropriate solution. Therefore, retrospective cohort study design is appropriate in delivering solution based on the collected information and historical data measurement. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 created the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program in 1993, which was first initiated in 1994. VFC program was created to provide the vaccination to children who were neglected to receive the proper vaccination
This essay will attempt to investigate the employment of the 23 plus vaccinations used today and how they defend the preventions and spread of diseases. The paper will support the pros and the cons of vaccinations that are supported by research statistics as well as the different symptoms that have been reported for each available vaccine.
As many are aware, the measles was a huge threat to children before people developed a successful vaccine for this disease. Before vaccines, “an average of 500,000 annual” cases of the measles got reported each year in the United States; since 2000, when vaccines became popular, there have been about “62 cases per year” (Omer). As one can see, the amount of cases of the measles decreased since the measles vaccine. This data shows how vaccinating children decreases the chances of contracting a dangerous disease like the measles.
Immunizations are essential components in the primary and preventive care setting to ensure a healthier population. Immunizations are aimed to prevent illnesses such as Tetanus, Diphtheria, Varicella, Hepatitis A, Influenza and Pneumonia to mention a few. Upon their discovery and implementation, vaccines have aid to decrease the incidence of infectious diseases, which were once the leading causes of death in the country and around the world. Despite their validated benefits; amongst the adult population, there are existing misconceptions related to immunization usefulness and effectiveness resulting in an unacceptably low adult vaccination rates and unmet vaccine recommendations. Consequently, leading to approximately 40,000-50,000 preventable death and an increased spread of communicable illnesses("Adult Immunization:
Many infectious diseases that once quickly spread and easily killed have been controlled or eradicated due to vaccinations. The efficacy of vaccines in reducing morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, is undeniable. Per the World Health Organization, childhood vaccinations prevent approximately 2-3 million deaths per year worldwide (WHO, 2016). In the United States, the value of immunizations is clearly displayed by comparing pre-vaccine era morbidity/mortality rates to post-vaccine era in regards to vaccine-preventable diseases. For example, prior to the diphtheria vaccine in the 1920’s, 206,000 people annually contracted the disease resulting in 15,520 deaths (History of Vaccines, 2009). However, between 2004 and 2014, only
Whether or not to vaccinate yourself/ your child has become a very important question to ask yourself. With recent news of vaccinations having a possible link to autism and many other negative side effects, it has become increasingly more important to weigh the risks and the rewards of vaccinations. While this may be a risk, the risk of zero vaccinations worldwide would have an exponentially larger and more negative effect on the majority of the world. Vacinations are the key to achieving longevity in life not only for one person but for the whole of the human species. This leads one to ask “if everyone is vaccinated, what is the difference if I decide not to vaccinate due to inherit risks?”
It is very important for healthcare providers to be educated on the safety concern of vaccination. Proper protocols must be taken through evidence-based research on the issue of vaccination and the risk factors that can allow stakeholders better implementation on laws that can be beneficial to parents. The stakeholder’s in the healthcare field such as patients, healthcare providers, insurance companies, organizations, and those who enforce policy main concern are the safety of these patients. The decisions most of these stakeholders make can either benefit patients or affect them. For example, the consequences parents have if their child is not vaccinated. The mandatory law of children who are not vaccinated cannot enrolled in school is unfair to parents. I believe parents should not be penalized or forced for their child to be vaccinated. If all stakeholders can reunite through evidence based research on the topic of vaccinations risk concern it can cause a positive impact on parents and alternative ways children can prevent the side
The intended purpose of this presentation is to provide facts and scientific research that persuades the audience members regarding the use of vaccinations. My intention is that the audience will support the use of vaccinations and consider the facts before making decisions that affect the entire community. My central idea is that inaccurate data exists with regards to vaccination; instead, that vaccinations should be viewed as essential for protection of society, both from extreme illness as well as life threatening, and sometimes fatal, diseases.
Vaccinations are considered to be the greatest health development of the 20th century. Because of advancements in medicine, vaccinations are becoming a widespread medium in the prevention of disease. They have provided the eradication and immunity to many deadly diseases such as smallpox, polio and rubella. Although there is no law that mandates the vaccination of children, they are necessary to prevent the infliction of disease and harm. By making the decision to vaccinate their children, a parent has the potential to save their lives.
Frequent vaccination has protected the unimmunized population throw the herd immunity resulting in lower childhood death rate and morbidity in the global population. However, parental trust in the safety and efficacy of the immunization programmes has been eroded by the various contradictory reports that emphasise the side effects of immunization and are ongoing barriers in accessing immunization hugely affect vaccination accomplishments. Vaccination is evidently identified as a greatest means of controlling infectious disease and it will continue to be the essential tool in controlling infection. Clearly, there is no doubt that immunization has hugely reduced the incidence and mortality of infection diseases in global context and should be continued and expanded until this disease have been eliminated completely. Therefore, future research must evaluate the claims against vaccination as quickly as possible to allay doubt spreading and policy makers should create new vaccination schedules which present evidence based statements regarding the safety and importance of
Providing immunization to human beings by vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in the public health field. It is responsible for a significant increase in the quality of life for children in 21st century compared to the previous era. Childhood vaccination is usually provided at a young age as a routine service in specific clinics or other health facilities. Children are required to receive specific scheduled vaccinations shortly after they are born. Vaccinations can also be received in specific public campaigns where a specialized trained team provide vaccines to people in a targeted area for a few days or even weeks. The purpose of these is to provide maximum protection to the population in a short amount of time. Despite this,
It has been proven through the measures of the Randomized Control Trial study and the Observational study that vaccinations serve as an effective way of preventing viruses. For example, when a RCT is performed, volunteers can be placed in two groups. One group receives the actual vaccine, and the other receives a placebo. Within this study, vaccine efficacy is also measured by comparing the frequency of the illness in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. When the Observational study is performed, it’s important to remember that it’s totally upon the individual to whether or not they prefer to be
The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result of the 1989 measles epidemic in the United States. This epidemic resulted in tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As the Centers for Disease and Prevention investigated this epidemic it was discovered that greater half of the children who had measles had not been vaccinated. In response to that epidemic, “Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) on August 10, 1993, creating the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This program became operational October 1, 1994.
The fact remains until vaccinations are mandatory, pockets of the anti-vaccination movement will continue to spread across the country (Sachdev 1.). It is these pockets that infectious and deadly diseases once again gain a foot hold in America. The recent Disneyland-centered outbreak of measles exposes the gruesome truth to the nation in a way that no chart can fully convey (Sachdev 1.). Eighty- two percent of unvaccinated children and adults were infected (Lanua and Patriquin pp. 50+). Unfortunately, measles is not the only disease that has taken a grip on our country. A whooping cough is a severely contagious bacterial disease which causes serious coughing and trouble breathing is also on the rise, and if the rate of infection continues to climb, soon every yearly record since 1959 shall be superseded (Weise n.p.). In other words, as vaccination rates continue to fall, deaths from vaccine prevent able diseases will continue to rise (Weise n.p.). As these outbreaks have increased in not only frequency but severity the ripple effect is evident as many within the anti-vaccination movement have quickly changed their opinion and opt now to vaccinate their children against vaccine preventable deaths (Reddy
Despite significant progress in the fight against preventable disease, millions still die needlessly each year. According to UNICEF, originally known as the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, a vaccine preventable disease is responsible for 2 million fatal infections worldwide each year. About 75% of these deaths occur in children under five years of age. (N) In more vivid terms, UNICEF notes that vaccine-preventable diseases kill a child every 20 seconds. (D) Due to high rates of childhood vaccination, the United States has experienced a dramatic reduction in such deaths. A comparison of the years 1950 and 2010 clearly illustrates the benefits of vaccinations. During this 60-year period, deaths from diphtheria reduced from 410 to 0, tetanus from 336 to 3, pertussis from 1,118 to 26, and polio from 1,904 to 0. Measles deaths dropped from 468 in 1950 to 0 in 2008, the last year a United States death rate was recorded. It’s not surprising that vaccinations have been touted as one of the top ten health achievements of the 20th century by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The medical establishment has a number of tools to deal with contagious diseases; one of the most efficient instruments to address contagious diseases such as measles and others are chart of vaccination. Vaccination is one of the key strategies that modern medicine has to deal with. It is one of the tools that medicines used to prevent the spread of diseases in vulnerable population particularly children and aged. It has been estimated that 5.9 million deaths are avoided annually through immunisation. A polio vaccine was the first vaccine to be introduced by 1950s, and many others have been developed since then. Despite the success of these programmes, there are objection to vaccination by stakeholders based on complications in isolated