It is well known that unmeasured cross-country differences in human capital reveal as cross-country differences in TFP, but it is still hotly debated for how much human capital can account. Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) emphasize the importance of investment in human capital and claim that the Solow growth model augmented to involve human capital can account for most of the variation in differences in output per capita. On the other hand, several recent works provide different conclusion, for example, Manuelli and Seshadri (2005) argue that most cross countries differences in output per worker are not affected by differences in human capital (or physical capital) but might be affected by differences in residual, total factor productivity (TFP).
This paper tends to summaries the main arguments and approaches of Mankiw, Rome and Weil (1992, MRW hereafter) and Manuelli and Seshadri (2005, MS hereafter), also compares and contrast their main findings. Finally, the paper will give some brief comments and criticisms on these two papers.
Motivation and intuition of MRW
It is well known that the Solow Model is the first neoclassical growth model, while recent findings and corollaries are not entirely preferable due to some uneasiness. For example, Solow Model can qualitatively but not quantitively analyze the impact on growth path of two exogenous variables: saving rate and population growth. In addition to this, Solow Model predicts absolute convergence across countries with
This research paper is an empirical investigation comparing the economic growth of Australia, China and the United States. It covers four topics which include the production model, the Romer model’s growth rate
The purpose of this paper is
The article has been written by Khalil, Cohen, and Schwartz. The main purpose of this paper is to make
This paper has aimed at contributing theoretical arguments to a rather new field of study:
The depictions of gender and sexuality in Adventure Time generally uphold heteronormativity. Even though I was surprised by how obvious the romantic relationship between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline was when watching the episodes focused on the two of them in succession, the relationship might not be so apparent to young viewers, those who are not focused on spotting queer themes, or those who are not watching these three particular episodes together. As I mentioned, the inclusion of queer characters is just as important as the ways in which they are represented. Representation in the show leaves much to be desired since neither Marceline or Princess Bubblegum explicitly state that they are or were girlfriends/ partners. In the case of
There are several course concepts that I will reflect on in this paper. First, there is the norm
In an augmented model, rather than treating technology as constant across countries, Romer incorporated knowledge spillover effects. Each unit of investment in capital did not only increase physical capital, but increased availability of knowledge to the whole economy, because private knowledge was correlated with public knowledge . Another model by Robert Barro and Xavier Sala i Martin incorporated varying levels of technology based on region, with knowledge diffusing slowly from areas with high levels of technology to those with low levels . This led to convergence being predicted largely by the rate of diffusion of knowledge, based on the ability for poorer states or countries to imitate ideas and technologies. A third model developed by Greg Makiw, David Romer, and David Weil proposed not a change in the way the model viewed technology, but added another term: one for accumulation of human capital in addition to physical capital . In this augmented Solow model, rates of education were used as a measure for investment in human capital. Education alone is an imperfect measure of human capital. However, there are limitations involved with the practicalities of analyzing data in these models. Thus, Mankiw et al used secondary school attendance, and inclusion of human capital improved the performance of the Solow model
In this paper I shall first raise some objections to the argument and then try to show how it might be improved.
Eyeballing any cross sectional data on growth across countries shows that countries grow at different rates. Many theories try to explain this phenomenon with emphasis with capital accumulation being one of them. I will start by developing the standard neoclassical growth model as developed by Solow(1956)[1]. I will then proceed to discuss the extensions that have been made to this basic model in an attempt to better understand actual growth figures, for e.g. the standard neoclassical model cannot explain the magnitude of international differences in growth rates. Mankiw[2] points out that “the model can explain
As stated by Riddell, human capital is often referred to as the skills, competencies, and knowledge that one possesses, including both cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills. Human capital can be largely determined or influenced by your environment and it is essential to individual and social well being. As a result, most people tend to place great consumption value on education based on the belief that acquiring an education can result in many private benefits such as higher earnings and better health. Human capital formation and education specifically, play an important role in the economy and society as a whole, as it largely affects the labour market. Education provides individuals with equal opportunity to better themselves and climb the social ladder, and often results in enhanced productivity and economic growth if used effectively. However, investment in education is risky as there is great uncertainty as to
Education and wellbeing are fundamental targets of improvement; they are imperative closures in themselves. Wellbeing is key to prosperity, and education is crucial for the delightful and compensating life; both are central to the more immense thought of extending human limits that lie at the heart of the importance of improvement.Not one person has accomplished sustained economic improvement without generous interest in human capital. The aspect and importance of human capital in moving the tread of economic growth can't be embellish. The advancement of human capital has been perceived by financial analysts to be a key necessity for a nation's financial and political change.
The Solow Model is designed to show how the growth in the labour force, capital stock and advances in technology interact and how they affect a nations total output. The model is important for the analysis of economic growth in developing countries as it demonstrates the nature of an economy to be a key determinant of steady-state capital stock within a country. If the savings rate is high, the economy will have a large capital stock and thus high level of output and vice versa. Correspondingly changes in capital stock can lead to economic growth.
The focus of this paper, therefore, is to look at the analysis of the book by Kecia Ali. It will look at some of the arguments that she has that leads her to make that conclusion. It will also include evidence to support them and its contributions to similar books in the field.
Chapter 10 is the last chapter of this thesis, entitled" Summary and Conclusion". In this chapter, a summary and overall discussion of the thesis finding are provided as well as some suggestions for future
February 10, 2009 The purpose of this note is to define the meaning of the term ‘inclusive’ growth. It is often used interchangeably with a suite of other terms, including ‘broad-based growth’, ‘shared growth’, and ‘pro-poor growth’. The paper clarifies the distinctions between these terms as well as highlights similarities.