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Human Capital And Non Physical Capital

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It is well known that unmeasured cross-country differences in human capital reveal as cross-country differences in TFP, but it is still hotly debated for how much human capital can account. Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) emphasize the importance of investment in human capital and claim that the Solow growth model augmented to involve human capital can account for most of the variation in differences in output per capita. On the other hand, several recent works provide different conclusion, for example, Manuelli and Seshadri (2005) argue that most cross countries differences in output per worker are not affected by differences in human capital (or physical capital) but might be affected by differences in residual, total factor productivity (TFP).

This paper tends to summaries the main arguments and approaches of Mankiw, Rome and Weil (1992, MRW hereafter) and Manuelli and Seshadri (2005, MS hereafter), also compares and contrast their main findings. Finally, the paper will give some brief comments and criticisms on these two papers.

Motivation and intuition of MRW

It is well known that the Solow Model is the first neoclassical growth model, while recent findings and corollaries are not entirely preferable due to some uneasiness. For example, Solow Model can qualitatively but not quantitively analyze the impact on growth path of two exogenous variables: saving rate and population growth. In addition to this, Solow Model predicts absolute convergence across countries with

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