Ryan McLarty
AP English Language and Composition
3o Mr. Boysen
18 December 2015
The Use of Ethos in Into the Wild A biography, a detailed account of a person’s life, is often written with a key purpose in mind: to honor or to condemn the subject. In doing so, it is important that they provide adequate evidence to get their point across and convince the reader of their point. In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, he uses a number of examples of quality evidence to not only portray himself as a reliable biographer, but also to portray his subject, Christopher McCandless, in a specific light to be interpreted by the reader. In the biography, Krakauer ultimately makes clear a portrayal of McCandless as a hero, using a combination of his own experiences,
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He makes it a point to include details about Roman like his background and trustworthy personality. For example, he includes “Roman, thirty-two, inquisitive and outspoken, has a doctorate in biology from Stanford and an abiding distrust of conventional wisdom” (Krakauer 185). Here, he uses Roman’s educational background to qualify him as a reliable opinion. He goes on to write of Roman’s thoughts on McCandless’ adventure, and sheds him in quite a positive light. Roman says “Sure, he screwed up .... but I admire what he was trying to do. Living completely off the land like that, month after month, is incredibly difficult. I've never done it. And I'd bet you that very few, if any, of the people who call McCandless incompetent have ever done it either, not for more than a week or two. Living in the interior best for an extended period, subsisting on nothing except what you hunt and gather–most people have no idea how hard that actually is. And McCandless almost pulled it off” (Krakauer 185). Here it is very apparent the positive light McCandless is painted in, and, with Roman’s credentials, the reader is almost inclined to side with him. Krakauer does this intentionally, to show to the reader that McCandless truly was
But I came to appreciate that mountains make poor receptacles for dreams. And I lived to tell my tale.” (Krakauer, page 155) This passage is illustrative of Krakauer’s feelings about McCandless. He does not think McCandless is so naïve or arrogant as many, especially in Alaska, do, but he does see that he was young, and had many of the common misperceptions, and claims that that was really his main flaw.
Krakauer ironically writes, “He demanded much of himself—more, in the end, than he could deliver. ”(126) McCandless was on his high horse and he believed that he can conquer anything, yet his abilities did not allow him too. His confidence in surviving could have possibly lead to his demise. He had a strong will to survive and had no intention to let himself go that easily.
The day is unlike any other. The mail has come and lying at the bottom of the stack is the favored Outside magazine. The headline reads, “Exclusive Report: Lost in the Wild.” The cover speaks of a twenty four year old boy who “walked off into America’s Last Frontier hoping to make sense of his life.” The monotony of the ordinary day has now vanished from thought as Jon Krakauer’s captivating article runs through the mind like gasoline to an engine. The article is not soon forgotten, and the book Into the Wild is happened upon three years later. The book relates the full story of Christopher Johnson McCandless and how he left his family and friends after graduating college in order to find himself. Krakauer based the book off of his article
3. Krakauer argues in Chapter 14 that McCandless’s death was unplanned and was a terrible accident (134). Does the book so far support that position? Do you agree with Krakauer? Why or why not?
Krakauer’s timeline allows him to influence the reader by showing specific things about McCandless at certain times to make him appear noble and inspirational. He also uses specific quotes from McCandless that accurately gives insight into McCandless’s thought
Throughout the novel, Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer sincerely disentangles the haunting enigma of Chris McCandless. By tracing the places, people and experiences intertwined in the life of McCandless, Krakauer narrates the life story of a puzzling corpse found in a bus buried in the Alaskan frontier in a truly authentic way of storytelling. Although Krakauer inserts direct quotes from people who McCandless came into direct contact with and experts from primary source journals, Krakauer’s own voice in the narration of the dead man’s life is trustworthy due to the similarities the protagonist and the author share. Common connections such as similar paternal stress made outstanding impacts in both men’s lives, starting at a young age. Furthermore, a sort of agitation with the soul ailed Krakauer and McCandless fueled by a reckless persona confined in the modern world. Lastly, a craving for human contact when in total isolation troubled both the author and subject in their adventures narrowed in the natural world. The mutual bond apparent to the reader between Krakauer and McCandless makes the writing in the novel sincere enabling Krakauer to speak of a dead’s man life with profound authority and truth. Unconditional understanding through shared paternal issues, agitation of the soul, and need for human contact grants Krakauer access to divulge into the conundrum of Chis McCandless and authority to earnestly narrate the mysterious
Imagine this: a young adult vanishes without a trace to venture off into the wild and “discover” himself. With the bearings of a modern-day bildungsroman, such a story may not seem uncommon; after all, young adult novels and films have both glorified and censured the youthful adventure tale, perpetuating an image of adolescents (particularly young males) as courageous yet foolhardy individuals who adamantly desire self-discovery. Such depictions may not be far from reality, as demonstrated by the story of Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s non-fiction book Into the Wild. Krakauer presents a relatively objective account of 24-year-old McCandless’s brief sojourn in the Alaskan wilderness and the events leading to his death, offering opinions from individuals who criticized the young man’s arrogance and foolhardiness as well as those who extolled McCandless as a noble, brave hero. To establish an extreme and unyielding stance on Chris McCandless – viewing him as either a righteous idealist or an inexperienced dunderhead – would disregard McCandless’s nuanced personality and his sensitive familial circumstances. When one takes into account McCandless’s estrangement from his family and his worship of author Jack London’s The Call of the Wild, it becomes clear that while McCandless was an ignorant and overconfident hypocrite who was unable to survive in the wild, he genuinely adhered to his beliefs and was not wholly responsible for his own death.
For most readers, their first instinct when reading Into the Wild is to believe the Christopher McCandless is noble and died by little fault of his own. However, when analyzing these chapters and stringing together his actions, we can see McCandless’ true colors. Through the subject’s blatant ignorance of his own skills, his lack of concern for his own well-being, and the entirely misguided effort to bring others out of society, readers can deduce that McCandless is a reckless narcissist.
Jon Krakauer, fascinated by a young man in April 1992 who hitchhiked to Alaska and lived alone in the wild for four months before his decomposed body was discovered, writes the story of Christopher McCandless, in his national bestseller: Into the Wild. McCandless was always a unique and intelligent boy who saw the world differently. Into the Wild explores all aspects of McCandless’s life in order to better understand the reason why a smart, social boy, from an upper class family would put himself in extraordinary peril by living off the land in the Alaskan Bush. McCandless represents the true tragic hero that Aristotle defined. Krakauer depicts McCandless as a tragic hero by detailing his unique and perhaps flawed views on society,
During the provided sections of the novel, Krakauer relates the story of Chris Mccandless to those of many other adventurers’. This is done in order to explore Chris’ personality and understand his motivations for venturing in the wild. Krakauer is using many allusions, this is a reference to a historic or literary person, place or thing. He uses an allusion in order to strengthen the understanding of freedom. This is shown through his connection to Everett Ruess, John Waterman, and many more adventurous figures. Krakauer mentions, “And like McCandless, upon embarking on his terminal
In Jon Krakauer's novel Into the Wild, the main character, Chris McCandless, seeks nature so that he can find a sense of belonging and the true meaning of who he is. However, it is the essence of nature that eventually takes his life away from him. At the end of his life, he is discovers his purpose and need of other people. After Chris McCandless death in Alaska, Krakauer wrote Into the Wild to reflect on the journey that McCandless makes. Krakauer protrays McCandless as a young man who is reckless, selfish, and arrogant, but at the same time, intelligent, determined, independent, and charismatic. Along with the irony that occurs in nature, these characteristics are the several factors that contribute to McCandless death.
Krakauer uses research about the life of McCandless in order to establish his ethos and convey his thesis of the novel. When Krakauer presents the information concerning McCandless’s death, he quotes directly from the moose hunters who found him dead and describes the exact setting of the situation. Krakauer beings by explaining the scene at which the moose hunters found him, “A few hundred yards beyond the river the trail disappeared” (Krakauer 12). Krakaurer’s use of description enables readers to visualize the scene better and create a major sense of trust between the author and reader. Krakauer then imbeds a quote directly from the moose hunters that found McCandless’s body who explains that there was “a real bad smell from inside” (Krakauer12). Appealing to the reader’s sense of smell, and also using the perspective of the exact people that found McCandless’s body, establishes a more ethical appeal to the audiences trust in the information the author is presenting. Also, Krakauer cites an exact note found on the bus where McCandless was discovered which states that he is “Near death” (Krakauer 12). The note displayed in the text is written in a different font, implying that the proceeding text is written by a different author, and is also signed by McCandless himself. The research Krakauer did is directly shown here because of his factual evidence. The use of factual information from the scene of the death provides a
In the story Into the Wild, Krakauer uses ethos, logos, and pathos in order to persuade his readers that Chris’s character is noble instead of reckless. Models of this are found when Krakauer writes under the assumption that the majority of his audience has a negative perception of McCandles, seeing him to be a character that likes crazy adventures, and whose suicidal predispositions lead them to meet their fate in the wild. Krakauer contradicts this through the use of different rhetorical appeals- logos, pathos, and ethos. He uses emotion and logic in order to prove to the audience that no, rhetorical to be and that there is much, much more to the story than a single gravestone in the Alaskan wilderness. The most obvious rhetorical appeal in this novel is Krakauer’s appeal to logos, which he establishes through the use of factual evidence. When describing McCandles’s family history and past achievements, Krakauer notes that “Chris graduated from Emory University in Atlanta, where he had been a
Jon Krakauer 's non-fiction novel Into the Wild explores the mystery surrounding Christopher McCandless and his life before he inevitably ran off into the heart of the Alaskan wilderness in an attempt to discover himself in some manner. In order to tell this story as accurately as possible, Krakauer uses a variety of techniques to give different perspectives to Chris’ life. The most prominent decision Krakauer makes though is in regards to his decision to try include or exclude himself and his views from the text. When telling Chris’ story, Krakauer takes an almost fully unbiased approach, and yet when he does present his biased
Through this technique, Krakauer helps to develop Chris’s personality and t conveys the author’s purpose of tell McCandless’s story.