How Does Hiv Affect The Immune System

Differentiate between HIV-positive status and AIDS. HIV can lead someone to have AIDS. When someone has HIV, it attacks the body’s CD4 cells. These cells fight off infection. If someone does not receive treatment for their HIV, the number of CD4 cells a person has will continue to decline. When the CD4 cell count is under 200, the person has AIDS. https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/

75 to 200 million people died from the Bubonic Plague it was estimated about 2\3 of the European population died. Bubonic Plague hurts the Immune system by attacking an invading it. The only way to stop the Bubonic plague is by antibiotics and prescription drugs that destroy the virus. If not treated it will enter the bloodstream and attacks the lungs. Which could give the body Pneumonic plague which is deadly and the Pneumonic plague will give people hepatitis which will give the body fatigue and muscle weakness. The cells in the body system fights off bad pathogens. It keeps the body from getting infected with viruses and diseases like the flu. The Bubonic plague entered the Immune System by changing it form to disguise itself so it will let it in when it is in the Immune System. It attacks by shutting it down and kills cells inside. So the body cannot fight it off. Then it enters the bloodstream and without the immune system it cannot be stopped because the immune system fights off the virus. And without it fighting off viruses the body is prone to any diseases and viruses like the t cell which keeps the flu virus away from the body. And the Bubonic plague kills the t cell which now it is prone to the flu. And it also attacks the b cell which makes antibodies which helps the body become healthier and safer.

AIDS: As the number of your CD4 cells begins to fall below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood, you will be diagnosed as having AIDS. (Normal CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) This is the stage of infection that happens when your immune system is badly damaged and you become vulnerable to other infections. Without treatment,

Since AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease of the immune system caused by HIV, which is a retrovirus that causes acute immunosuppression. HIV can produce an increase in fatal diseases which includes wasting syndromes and central nervous system disintegration. People with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop opportunistic infections once the immune system becomes severely compromised. A patient’s CD4 T-cell is directly related to the risk of developing an opportunistic infection. Additionally, HIV most frequently infects CD4 cells. The CD4 cell count is a key gauge of the health of the immune system. CD4 levels lower than 200 will be at risk for an opportunistic infection. .Patients with AIDS routinely receives a test called the CD4 test. This blood test is taken to count several types of cells. Moreover, this test do not count CD4 cells, it is a calculation based on total white blood cells and the proportion of cells that are CD4. The blood sample is tested to count several types of cells. Interpretation of this test does not count the CD4 cells directly. Instead, the laboratory makes an estimate based on total white blood cells and the percentage of cells that are CD4. Therefore, the CD4 count is not exact. When the CD4 cells has gone down, it is indicative of a weakened immune system. The lower the CD4 cells, the more probable the patient will become sick. A patient loses the ability to fight infection when the CD4 cells have gone down. Once the patient has lost the ability to fight off germs, an opportunistic infection such as pneumonia, skin infections, oral disorders, diarrhea, AIDS related dementia, Kaposi sarcoma, and CNS disorders may occur. Routinely patients are advised to check CD4 cells every three to six months when initiating antiretroviral treatment and once levels has increased, test every six to twelve

HIV RNA (viral load) and CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count are the two surrogate markers of antiretroviral treatment (ART) responses and HIV disease progression that are used to manage and monitor HIV infection. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. If a patient has virologic failure, it means that they are unable to achieve or maintain suppression of viral replication to an HIV RNA level <200 copies/mL. Therefore, they should be assessed for virologic failure which include an assessment of adherence, drug-drug or drug-food interactions, drug tolerability, HIV RNA and CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count trends over time, treatment history, and prior and current drug-resistance testing results. Moreso, drug-resistance testing should be performed while the patient is taking the failing antiretroviral (ARV) regimen or within 4 weeks of treatment discontinuation.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects the cells of the immune system. In particular, HIV attacks and destroys the T helper lymphocytes, or T-cells, which are crucial to the immune system and immune response. (These cells are also called CD4-positive lymphocytes because HIV uses the protein CD4, present on the surface of the cell, to attach itself and pry its way into the cell.) Each day, your body produces millions of CD4+ T-cells to help maintain your immunity and fight off invading viruses and germs. Once HIV is in your body, the virus is able to copy itself over and over, increasing its ability to kill CD4+ T-cells. Soon, infected cells outnumber healthy T-cells.

This test, along with the viral load test, can help determine your risk for developing other infections. The viral load test measures the level of HIV in the blood.

The median survival time of 19.8 months from the estimated date of CD4+ lymphocyte count at 50 x 106/L to death was somewhat longer than that reported by Elizabeth G. (16 months, >25% at 2 years)(12). Robert Yarchoan showed that the median survival time of HIV infected persons with CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 50 x 106/L was 12.1 months (95% confidence interval: 7.2 -19.4 months) (13). According to the previous report that AIDS-defining diseases occurred at CD4+ lymphocyte count of 50 x 106/L for diagnoses, we compared our result of survival time from CD4+ lymphocyte count at 50 x 106/L to death with other AIDS survival studies. Ninety-seven percentages of AIDS patients survived at 6 months and 86% of them at 12 months in France (14). The

The progression from the point of HIV infection to the clinical diseases that define AIDS may take six to ten years or more. This progression can be monitored using surrogate markers (laboratory data that correspond to the various stages of disease progression) or clinical endpoints (illnesses associated with more advanced disease). Surrogate markers for the various stages of HIV infection include the declining number of CD4 T-cells, the major type of white blood cell lost because of HIV infection. In general, the lower the infected person’s CD4 T-cell count, the weaker the person’s immune system and the more advanced the disease state. In 1996 it became evident that the actual amount of HIV in a person’s blood—the so-called viral burden—could be used to predict the progression to AIDS, regardless of a person’s CD4 T-cell count. With advancing technology, viral burden determinations are quickly becoming a standard means of patient testing.

Antivirals are the treatment for HIV and presently there is no known cure. Treatment most often involves combinations of different drugs to avoid creating strains of the virus that are immune to single drug treatments (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The number of CD4 or T cells monitors treatment response. The viral load should be undetectable while undergoing antiviral therapy. The count is checked when treatment starts and usually monitored every 3-6 months. Even if someone has an undetectable viral load, the spreading of HIV is still a possibility.

Acute (Primary) HIV infection. “Acute HIV occurs 1-4 weeks after transmission and is accompanied by a burst of viral replication with a decline in CD4 cell count. Most patients manifest a symptomatic mononucleosis-like syndrome which is often overlooked. Acute HIV infection is confirmed by demonstrating a high HIV RNA with either a negative HIV antibody test or a reactive ELISA with negative or indeterminate Western blot” (Sax, 2013, p.3).

There is an important difference, however; over time, an individual’s immune system can clear most viruses out of the body. That unfortunately is not the case with HIV; the human immune system cannot rid itself of this virus. HIV inflicts this damage by contaminating immune cells in the body called CD4 positive T cells; these cells are vital to the body for fighting infections (Douek, Roederer & Koup, 2009). Human Immunodeficiency Virus, in essence, converts the CD4 positive T cells into manufacturers that produce even more of the HIV virus; these go on to infect other healthy cells, eventually destroying the CD4 positive T cells (Douek et al., 2009).

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a single stranded positive sense RNA retrovirus that infects CD4+ T-Cells, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells. (Viral Zone) Information concerning HIV’s routes of transmission, and epidemiology, as well as the course of the disease can be found below.

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most common STI seen in the world today [1]. HIV is a virus. HIV virus spreads across body fluids and it attacks the immune system such as CD4 cells or more commonly known as T-cells. There are three stages of HIV infection and it can only be detected if an individual get tested. If HIV is left untreated, it would weaken the immune system, resulting in an inability for our body to fight against other infections and diseases [2].

HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that has a negative impact on the immune system of the body and the immune system in a person's body is increasingly weak. So let us know Symptoms HIV.